Sunday, August 4, 2024

Hyperscaler AI Capex Disruption is Nothing Compared to Cable Operator FTTH Challenge

Technology discontinuities can be very disruptive of business models, in areas such as capital investment burdens, for example. For cloud data centers, we might ponder how accelerated spending on graphics processor units could affect more-routine updates of servers supporting traditional operations. 


Researchers at Omdia estimate that AI server capex will be 66 percent of total data center capex in 2024, for example. And cloud computing giants tend to increase capex spending substantially, year over year, in any case.  


Between 2018 and 2022, annual cloud computing hyperscaler capex has grown about 30 percent a year, according to researchers at Costar. Omdia thinks that rate will be exceeded in 2024. 


Of course, not all observers think the increases will be that high. Some think the increase could be closer to 10 percent, overall, with the caveat that some spending could be shifted from other areas of infrastructure to server purchases. 


Also, since the spring of 2024, most of the hyperscalers have announced increases above the level noted by Dgtl Infra at that time. 


source: DgtlInfra 


Still, most observers would tend to agree that hyperscale cloud computing capex will increase in 2024 between 15 percent and 35 percent. 


Estimate

Publication Date

Publishing Venue

Cloud Provider

Increase

Cloud Capex in a Time of Uncertainty

July 24, 2024

Gartner Research

All

15-20%

The Public Cloud Race: 2024 and Beyond

June 10, 2024

Synergy Research Group

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

22-25%

Capital Intensity in Hyperscale Data Centers: A 2024 Update

May 15, 2024

McKinsey & Company

Meta, Alphabet (Google Cloud)

30-35%

Cloud Wars: The Battle for Enterprise Spending

April 02, 2024

Barclays Research

Microsoft Azure

18-22%


The point is that capex as a percentage of revenue is growing.  


source: Futurion 


U.S. cable TV operators also face a discontinuity, namely a switch of platform from hybrid fiber coax to fiber-to-home networks, driven primarily by home broadband requirements. 


And cable operators are likely to find the cost of switching from the existing access platform to fiber-to-home to be as costly as telcos have faced, as it means switching from one type of platform to another (copper to fiber for telcos; hybrid fiber coax to FTTH for cable operators). 


For that reason, cable operators are likely to use any number of targeted upgrades whenever possible. The objective will be to delay a full “rip and replace” as long as possible. Near term, HFC upgrades will continue as long as possible, with incremental FTTH overlays in some cases. 


But a full transition away from HFC for most households will be quite disruptive, on the order of what telcos have faced moving from copper to fiber access. Where upgrading HFC has cost something on the order of $200 per location, an FTTH upgrade might cost between $1,200 and $2,500 per passing. 


That is an order of magnitude increase in capex. 


Upgrade Type

Estimate Name

Publication Date

Publishing Venue

Cost Estimate (per-passing)

Cable TV Operator

HFC Network Modernization with DOCSIS 4.0

January 2023

Light Reading

Less than $200

Cable TV Operator

Full Fiber Upgrade - Greenfield Deployment

August 2021

FierceTelecom

$1,200 - $1,800

Cable TV Operator

Full Fiber Upgrade - Brownfield Deployment (Existing Infrastructure)

August 2021

FierceTelecom

$1,800 - $2,500

Telco

Fiber-to-the-Premises (FTTP) Greenfield Deployment

May 2022

FTTH Today

$1,000 - $1,500

Telco

Fiber-to-the-Building (FTTB) Greenfield Deployment (Multi-dwelling units)

May 2022

FTTH Today

$800 - $1,200

Telco

FTTP Brownfield Deployment (Existing Infrastructure)

May 2022

FTTH Today

$1,200 - $1,800


 So the cable operator transition from HFC to FTTH will be much more disruptive than the cloud computing hyperscaler investment in AI capex. 


No comments:

Will AI Fuel a Huge "Services into Products" Shift?

As content streaming has disrupted music, is disrupting video and television, so might AI potentially disrupt industry leaders ranging from ...