Data Consumption Will be Added to Speed and Cost as Drivers of Fixed Network Access Platforms

In the past, access platforms have been differentiated based on speed and cost per passing or cost per customer. Going forward, they might also have to be differentiated based on total bandwidth consumption, in addition to speed and cost per customer or cost per passing. 

In the past, hybrid fiber coax has proven more economical as a fixed network platform than fiber to the home. Fixed wireless has been more affordable than FTTH. But that changes as consumption increases, AT&T argues. 

And many service providers--including cable TV companies who have used HFC--concede that, eventually, FTTH becomes an affordable way to keep boosting speeds beyond multi-gigabit ranges. 

For AT&T, once sustained data consumption per user approaches 250 gigabytes per billing period, FTTH economics get progressively better, since FTTH costs less to continually upgrade for higher speeds. 

source: AT&T 

As always, that assumption is based on AT&T’s total cost structure, the scale of its operations, capital structure and business model. Other internet service providers might have different options, for a longer period of time. 

That is especially true for some firms such as T-Mobile and Verizon that have no realistic opportunities to install FTTH nationwide, and whose prospects in the home broadband market are based on use of fixed wireless. 

Consumer willingness to pay, plus consumption profiles, do vary quite a lot. So for some, the issue is which segments of the market can be served by wireless, and which require FTTH. 

For T-Mobile and Verizon, the issue is how well, and how long, fixed wireless and mobile access platforms can  keep growing speeds and capacity fast enough to continue serving half the market. 

For cable operators the choices are how long to keep enhancing the HFC platform and when the switch to FTTH makes financial sense. 

AT&T passes about 57 million homes and considers about 50 million of those locations suitable--eventually--for FTTH. But that still leaves seven million locations where FTTH might not make sense. By 2025, AT&T expects to pass about 30 million consumer locations using FTTH, a bit less than 53 percent of total home locations. 

But even AT&T, which focuses on fiber for business customers, will see fixed wireless growth. AT&T cash flow from fixed network business customers is expected to rely heavily on cash flow from FTTx and fixed wireless services.

New Business Model Imperatives as Data Consumption Keeps Growing

For AT&T, once sustained data consumption per user approaches 250 gigabytes per billing period, FTTH economics get progressively better, since FTTH costs less to continually upgrade for higher speeds. 

source: AT&T 

As always, that assumption is based on AT&T’s total cost structure, the scale of its operations, capital structure and business model. Other internet service providers might have different options, for a longer period of time. 

That is especially true for some firms such as T-Mobile and Verizon that have no realistic opportunities to install FTTH nationwide, and whose prospects in the home broadband market are based on use of fixed wireless. 

Consumer willingness to pay, plus consumption profiles, do vary quite a lot. So for some, the issue is which segments of the market can be served by wireless, and which require FTTH. 

For T-Mobile and Verizon, the issue is how well, and how long, fixed wireless and mobile access platforms can  keep growing speeds and capacity fast enough to continue serving half the market. 

For cable operators the choices are how long to keep enhancing the HFC platform and when the switch to FTTH makes financial sense.

5G Will Not Drive the Next Great Wave of Innovation; Neither Will the Internet

These days it is hard to clearly delineate where 5G from edge computing begins and ends. The same thing might be said of 5G and the internet of things; or IoT and artificial intelligence or  machine learning; or 5G and AI. 

 

source: IET 

All that matters because it will be hard to “prove” whether it is 5G, edge computing, AI or IoT that has had some benefit for consumers, producers, firms or society. In many cases, it is the interworking of several technologies and services that create the benefit.  

source: Medium 

In more subtle ways we can argue that metaverse and blockchain--though perhaps independent variables, also will provide value for 5G, edge computing, AI and IoT that is hard to separate. 

It is the complex of technologies, not any single technology, that drives the wave of innovation. 

source: Medium 

The key takeaway is that we might now be in a transition of waves, where the growth drivers shift. Some proponents of 5G might argue that is the key innovation. Those in the computing industry will say it is cloud and edge computing. 

Others will point elsewhere, to widely-applied artificial intelligence. 

source: Visual Capitalist 

A key observation is that it is the complex of technologies--not a single driver--that underpins an innovation cycle. And, as always, we might be mistaken about the complex of technologies that fuel the next wave. 

Some of us have seen “robotics” on the “next wave” list for almost 50 years, and it has arguably not happened. So we might be wrong about the actual drivers of the next wave. 

source: The Geography of Transport Systems 

By definition, it will not be 5G, as we replace mobile networks every decade or so. Nor is the “internet” per se likely to continue as a driver.

People Might be Your Greatest Resource and Greatest Impediments as Well

Career resilience might be defined as the ability to recover from setbacks, adapt well to change, and keep going in the face of adversity. Strikingly, a survey by U.K. consultants Sarah Bond and Gillian Shapiro consultants suggests difficult relationships and organizational politics are paramount at work, respondents indicated. 

In other words, co-workers were the “biggest problems” women faced at work, causing the most setbacks. .

Fully 75 percent of respondents said that the biggest drain on their resilience reserves was “managing difficult people or office politics at work.” 

source: Bond, Shaprio, HBR 

It often is said that “people are our greatest resource.” It may also be the case that “people are the greatest sources of friction” within organizations.

Top End U.S. Broadband Speeds Now Range Between 2 Gbps and 5 Gbps

Multi-gigabit speeds now are becoming the top-end broadband offers in the U.S. market.  Comcast has introduced 3-Gbps services for business. Ziply has introduced symmetrical 2-Gbps service. Google Fiber has added 2-Gbps as well. 

Frontier Communications is doing the same. Verizon offers 2-Gbps Fios service. AT&T sells both 5-Gbps and 2-Gbps service. Many of those offers feature symmetrical bandwidth. 

That is not to say most consumers will ever buy the top-end service packages. Indeed, whatever the top end, most consumers buy plans in the middle ranges of performance and price.   

None of that should come as a surprise. U.S. internet bandwidth increases at just about the rate one would expect from Moore's Law. In the broadband business we have Nielsen's Law, which suggests speeds have a growth rate nearly 50 percent per year at the top end. 

Nielsen’s Law has operated since the days of dial-up internet access. Even if the “typical” consumer buys speeds an order of magnitude less than the headline speed, that still suggests the typical consumer--at a time when the fastest-possible speed is 100 Gbps to 1,000 Gbps--still will be buying service operating at speeds not less than 1 Gbps to 10 Gbps.  

source: FuturistSpeaker 

So top end speeds in the terabits per second are virtually inevitable by about 2050. The emergence of offers between 2 Gbps and 5 Gbps now is simply evidence that the trend continues.

U.K. Gigabit Internet Often Costs Between $72 and $83 Per Month

Gigabit-per-second home broadband prices in the United Kingdom vary by internet service provider and location, but Virgin Media O2 costs about £62 (US$82) per month. BT sells its gigabit service for £55, or about US$72. 

source: Point Topic

Content Drives Capacity Investment

50 years ago investment in transcontinental communications cables was driven by telcos. These days investment is driven by content providers, especially those supplying video content. And that trend has escalated since about 2020, according to TeleGeography data. 

source: TeleGeography 

Video content drives bandwidth demand, and also creates the owners’ economics that incentivize content providers to own, build and operate their own transport networks. 

source: TeleGeography 

In a similar way, data centers frequently now are built specifically for a relative handful of anchor tenants who are hyperscale cloud computing suppliers. 

To be sure, data center business models can use either retail or wholesale models. But one salient difference is that some wholesale data center business plans are built on the assumption that there are a handful of potential customers, namely the hyperscale app providers. 

source: TechTarget 

That is not to deny that larger enterprises might be tenants at many wholesale data centers. It is to say that the anchor tenants will be a small number of hyperscalers. 

source: Equinix 

New wholesale data center investments will be significant in Asia, for example. 

source: TeleGeography 

Among the many changes to the connectivity industry over the past 40 years is a shift of capacity investment to content providers and hyperscale cloud computing suppliers; a shift of media types to video; emergence of remote computing and the impact that has on computing architectures, data center requirements and connectivity locations. 

Broadly, the internet ecosystem now drives capital investment in computing and connectivity. Connectivity providers are simply a part of that broader ecosystem.