Showing posts sorted by date for query a la carte. Sort by relevance Show all posts
Showing posts sorted by date for query a la carte. Sort by relevance Show all posts

Friday, May 31, 2024

What is StreamSaver's Business Purpose?

StreamSaver is a new streaming bundle including Peacock, Netflix, and Apple TV that available exclusively to Xfinity customers, in the same way that Xfinity mobile services are only available to Xfinity customers. 


But it might be reasonable to suggest the new bundle will boost Peacock and Apple TV market share by only single digits.


Netflix, Amazon Prime are the clear leaders leaders, with Disney (Disney, Hulu, coming ESPN service) poised to emerge at the top as well. All the others remain well into secondary or tertiary roles, and the new bundle likely cannot move the needle very much.


Of course, Comcast might see the value not so much in Peacock market share growth (Comcast owns Peacock) but in the value of customer acquisition and retention for its overall subscription businesses (mobile service, home broadband, linear TV).


As with Comcast's mobile phone service, the new bundle can be purchased only by existing Comcast customers (home broadband or linear video service). So the effort is primarily to increase the value of Comcast services.


As often is the case with bundles, the value is partly the price. The advantage of product bundles for the end user (aside from the bundles of features) is almost always the lower price. Streamsaver features the ad-supported versions of the services at $15 per month, where the a la carte prices of those services cost between $6 and $10 a month each.


A reasonable question is how many accounts, and how much revenue, that new service could attract.


Perhaps the easiest assumption is that Xfinity customers who already buy Peacock, Netflix and AppleTV+ will be most inclined to switch. Perhaps next most likely to adopt are Xfinity customers who already buy one or two of those services (Netflix as the presumed anchor and leader) and who can be convinced to the other services. 


The other issue is that the new bundle can only be purchased by Xfinity customers buying either home broadband or Xfinity linear video services. And that means the bundle can likely only be considered by people living in roughly half of U.S. homes. 


The potential market issues can be illustrated by Comcast’s similar approach to selling mobile phone service. 


The context is that Comcast will only sell the bundle to its existing fixed network customers. Since the Comcast fixed network might only reach 45 percent of U.S. dwellings, that puts an upward limit on accounts. 


Then the issue is how much market share Comcast can take from the mobile market leaders (Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile) that collectively have about 97 percent of the installed base of customers. 


In the third quarter of 2023, Comcast’s Xfinity mobile service had about six million accounts, with revenue growth near 25 percent per year. 


According to the CTIA, there are 523 million mobile devices in the U.S. market with 97 percent of adults owning a mobile phone. Using a (definition of “adults” as those 18 or older, the U.S. Census Bureau estimates that in 2020, adults represented 78 percent of the total population, or 258.3 million people.


If 97 percent of those people have mobile phones and service, that implies something on the order of 250.55 million accounts. If correct, Comcast has an installed base of about two percent of the market. 


The U.S. Census Bureau estimates there were around 140.7 million housing units in the United States in 2020, about 90 percent occupied. So assume dwellings with people living in them at about 126.6 million, with an average occupancy of 2.5 people, for a total of 316.58 million potential mobile accounts. Assume 97 percent have such accounts, for an implied subscriber base of around 307 million, excluding separate business accounts. 


So the installed base of accounts might range from 250 million to 307 million. Assume Comcast’s network passed about 57 million homes (including small business accounts, that figure could reach 80 million locations, by some estimates. Assume it continues to sell exclusively to its own customers. Assume that its installed base of customers is about 55 percent of homes passed (customers buying internet access or video services). 


That suggests terminal adoption ranging from 31.4 million to 44 million locations. If each location features 2.5 accounts, that implies a theoretical terminal customer base of perhaps 78.5 million to 110 million accounts. 


Those figures are the theoretical maximum, keeping in mind that the leading mobile service providers today have installed bases in the 30 percent range each. According to Statista, in May 2023, mobile market shares were:

Verizon: 34.9%

AT&T: 32.2%

T-Mobile: 29.5%

Other Carriers: 3.4%. 


Many observers believe Xfinity therefore will not reach terminal share as high as 55 percent, even within its own service territory, as its fixed network reaches perhaps 45 percent of occupied homes. So with the present policies, Comcast cannot sell to 55 percent of the market. 


With those conditions, were Comcast to reach relative parity with any of the leading mobile service providers, it might hope to reach a ceiling of about 14 percent total market share (assuming 30 percent as a reasonable share within its sales territory, representing 45 percent of locations). 


The new streaming bundle will face the same geographic limitations as does mobile service. On the other hand the streaming market still is growing, and is not mature, as is mobile service. And, obviously, the attraction of the bundle--for Peacock and AppleTV--is the potential to increase share in a market dominated by Netflix, Amazon Prime and Disney. 


Streaming Provider

Estimated Market Share

Netflix

32%

Amazon Prime Video

22%

Hulu

14%

Disney+

12%

Other (HBO Max, Apple TV+, Peacock, etc.)

20%


But the bundle also increases the range of products and value for Xfinity customers. Right now, it is hard to say whether ultimate value comes from growing Peacock share or increasing the value of the Xfinity service overall (reduced churn, for example) or serving as a means of supporting higher revenue per account. 


It might be reasonable to assume all three sources of value will be in play. There are lots of moving parts, though, as most of the other leading or contending streaming firms also are moving to create bundles. 


The coming Disney and Warner Bros. Discovery bundle combines Disney+ with Hulu (including both ad-supported and ad-free options) and Warner Bros. Discovery Max content. 


Also, a new sports streaming service featuring content from Disney (through ESPN), Fox, and Warner Bros. Discovery, Venu Sports, also is launching. Unknown at this point is whether the coming ESPN streaming service will be available as part of that bundle. 


The differences are that StreamSaver can only be purchased by Xfinity customers. The other bundles can be bought by any U.S. consumer.  


Still, the streaming bundles seem to suggest that Netflix and Disney could emerge as the tentpoles of the business. 


Saturday, November 11, 2023

The Coming Age of Streaming "Super Bundles"

"Super bundles" are coming in the video streaming business.


If there is anything we can “know” about consumer preferences for buying video content, it is that convenience, price and simplicity are desirable. In either linear or “streaming” eras, consumption therefore always has involved some amount of bundling.


Content was aggregated into broadcast channels; then cable TV channels and now streaming service brands. 


What consumers never have had, in the video format, is a la carte access to individual shows. That has remained a staple for the theatrical exhibition business (movies shown at movie theaters), but the video business always has involved bundling. 


And that means the next era of streaming evolution will involve the creation of “bigger” or “broader” bundles that essentially replicate the value of the older linear format: pay one price, get lots of content, at one place. 


Whether the packing is “channels” or “streaming services,” some form of bundling always is required, as the cost of distribution of single shows or episodes is too difficult a business model, either for suppliers or consumers. Simply, the cost of selling or buying a single episode is too high, at the volumes most consumers will prefer. 


Cost element

Description

Content acquisition

The cost of acquiring the rights to distribute the content. This can be a significant cost, especially for popular content.

Content preparation

The cost of preparing the content for distribution. This includes tasks such as encoding, transcoding, and packaging.

Content delivery

The cost of delivering the content to consumers. This includes the cost of bandwidth, content delivery networks (CDNs), and other infrastructure.

Payment processing

The cost of processing payments from consumers. This includes the cost of credit card fees, fraud prevention, and other services.

Marketing and promotion

The cost of marketing and promoting the content. This can be a significant cost, especially for new or niche content.

Customer support

The cost of providing customer support to consumers. This includes the cost of staffing call centers, providing online support, and handling customer inquiries.


In addition, there are indirect costs:


  • The cost of maintaining and updating the underlying technology infrastructure.

  • The cost of managing and protecting intellectual property rights.

  • The cost of complying with regulations.

  • The cost of managing and resolving disputes with content creators and distributors.


Of course, on-demand distribution costs can be quite different depending on the delivery platform: retail stores renting DVDs or CDs; retail delivery by mail or internet delivery. 


Delivery Method

Direct Costs

Sample Cost (Per Episode or Movie)

Rental in Retail Stores

Manufacturing and duplication of discs, physical distribution to stores, store overhead, inventory management, disc replacement

$2.00 - $5.00

Postal Delivery

Disc manufacturing and duplication, postage costs, packaging materials, return postage or prepaid return envelopes

$3.00 - $6.00

On-demand Delivery (Per Episode)

Content acquisition, content preparation, content delivery infrastructure, payment processing, customer support

$0.50 - $1.50

Streaming Service

Content acquisition, content preparation, content delivery infrastructure, payment processing, customer support, marketing and promotion

$0.20 - $0.50


As a rule, bundled delivery using internet mechanisms offers the lowest overall delivery costs, compared to physical media. 


The point is that full a la carte access to individual titles is  impractical for many reasons. No single firm can afford to amass the full available catalog of created video content. Given the typical amount of video content people watch, 


By age group, people watch somewhere between three hours and 4.5 hours of content daily. 


18-24: 4 hours, 37 minutes

25-34: 3 hours, 54 minutes

35-44: 3 hours, 47 minutes

45-54: 3 hours, 31 minutes

55-64: 3 hours, 10 minutes

65+: 2 hours, 50 minutes


Assume the “typical” item is a 20-minute episode. That implies delivery of between nine and 14 episodes daily. Using a full on-demand model, that implies a cost of at least $3 to $9 daily, or about $90 to $270 per month. 


If you think about the pricing of streaming and on-demand services, it seems clear that consumers will not willingly pay such amounts for full a la carte access, even if it were possible. 


At the moment, declining take rates for linear video suggest that format is not preferred, even at typical costs of between $80 and $100 a month. The ultimate amount of spending for streaming alternatives is still developing, but many households already buy multiple subscriptions. 


The average U.S. household subscribes to 4.2 streaming services, up from 3.4 subscriptions in 2022, according to a 2023 survey by Leichtman Research Group. The survey also found that the average household spends $67 per month on streaming services, up from $55 in 2022.


Obviously, in an a la carte environment (were it possible), consumers would pay more than they presently do to watch video content delivered using the internet, the most-affordable platform. 


All of which explains why full a la carte buying (anything you want, when you want it) never happens. 


Instead, the business terrain centers on amalgamating enough content, at a low-enough monthly price, to satisfy enough customers so the business can survive. So far, most streaming services offering on-demand viewing have prices ranging from $5 to to $15 a month.


Streaming Service

Monthly Price (USD)

Netflix

9.99-19.99

Prime Video

8.99

Apple TV+

4.99

Hulu

7.99-14.99

HBO Max

14.99

Disney+

7.99

Paramount+

4.99-9.99

Peacock

4.99-9.99


Such prices do not seem sustainable, at such levels, financial reports suggest, as only Netflix actually seems to earn profits. 


The full issue is that the older linear TV model also is shrinking at a time when streaming investments are being made, so it actually is a combination of lower revenue and higher costs that are the problem for streaming providers. 


In other words, content producers are losing scale in a business where scale matters. Note especially the loss of advertising revenue for streaming models, compared to linear models. 


Element

Video streaming (%)

Linear video (%)

Revenue



Subscription fees

50-60

10-20

Advertising

20-30

70-80

TVOD (episode sales)

5-10

0

PPV (live event sales)

0-5

0

Merchandising

0-5

0

Cost



Content licensing

30-40

40-50

Production

10-20

0-10

Marketing

10-20

10-20

Technology

10-20

10-20


The point is that cost, convenience and simplicity have always driven the video business towards bundling, and that is unlikely to change in the streaming era of video delivery. 


To prosper, streaming services will have to gain greater scale, and that also means fewer but larger suppliers. It likely also means a reconstitution of the older cable TV bundled model of one flat price for lots of content. 


At first rather informally, then likely later formally, bundles of popular streaming services--”super bundles”--will be offered to consumers, where paying one price gives access to a few or several top services. 


In the early days, this will take the form of a “super bundler” aggregating two or more services into a package, often with other services such as mobile or internet access (home broadband) service. 


It’s coming. Consumer demand and supplier necessity will drive it. 


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