Roughly a Third of U.S. Jobs Could be Done Remote, Study Suggests

There always is a difference between what is possible and what happens. The same might be said of work-from-home potential, conducted by professors  Jonathan Dingel and Brent Neiman of the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. 

The study suggest 34 percent of U.S. jobs can plausibly be performed at home. Assuming all occupations involve the same hours of work, these jobs account for 44 percent of all wages. The converse is that 66 percent of jobs cannot plausibly be shifted to “at home” mode. 

As you might guess, some jobs and some areas are more amenable to remote work. The top five U.S. metro areas feature many jobs in government or technology that could be done from home. On the other hand, some areas involve manufacturing, agriculture, raw materials extraction of other major industries that are not amenable to remote work. 

source: Dingel and Neiman

“More than 40 percent of jobs in San Francisco, San Jose, and Washington, DC could be performed at home, whereas this is the case for fewer than 30 percent of jobs in Fort Myers, Grand Rapids, or Las Vegas,” they say. 

Professional, scientific and technical services, management jobs, education, finance, insurance and information jobs are easiest to shift to remote work. Transportation, warehouse operations, construction, retail, agriculture, food services and lodging are among the hardest to shift to remote work. 

source: Dingel and Neiman

The issue is how comfortable more employers will be with remote work. Employees overwhelmingly want the option to work at least some of the time from home. But some employees might not enjoy the experience and might worry about the “out of sight, out of mind” risk.

Many employers also worry about the impact on productivity, in some cases. 

source: Buffer

Mutual trust is at the heart of successful remote work initiatives in the digital workplace, Gartner emphasizes.

Application leaders must trust that their employees will act responsibly when working remotely. As a practical matter, some workers thrive working remotely, while others will feel isolated. Some workers manage their time more successfully than others. 

Also, “employees must trust that their employer will act in their best interest and enable them to be successful,” Gartner notes. 

The bottom line is that even when it is possible for many more people to work remotely, especially on a full-time basis, actual deployments will lag potential.

The Power of the S Curve for Every Business

This graph illustrates the normal S curve curve of consumer or business adoption of virtually any successful product, as well as the need to create the next generation of product before the legacy product reaches its peak and then begins its decline. 

The curves show that 4G is created and then is commercialized before 3G reaches its peak, and then declines, as the new product displaces demand for the old.  The data, from the Global Mobile Suppliers Association, shows that by the end of 2014, 3G reached its peak. 

source: GSA

The 4G network reaches an inflection point at about the same time. If one examines each curve separately, successive S curves are the pattern. A firm or an industry has to begin work on the next generation of products while existing products are still near peak levels. 

source: Strategic Thinker

It also can take decades before a successful innovation actually reaches commercialization. The next big thing will have first been talked about roughly 30 years ago, says technologist Greg Satell. IBM coined the term machine learning in 1959, for example.

The S curve describes the way new technologies are adopted. It is related to the product life cycle. Many times, reaping the full benefits of a major new technology can take 20 to 30 years. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928, it didn’t arrive on the market until 1945, nearly 20 years later.

Electricity did not have a measurable impact on the economy until the early 1920s, 40 years after Edison’s plant, it can be argued.

It wasn’t until the late 1990’s, or about 30 years after 1968, that computers had a measurable effect on the US economy, many would note.

source: Wikipedia

The point is that the next big thing will turn out to be an idea first broached decades ago, even if it has not been possible to commercialize that idea. 

The even-bigger idea is that all firms and industries must work to create the next generation of products before the existing products reach saturation. That is why work already has begun on 6G, even as 5G is just being commercialized. Generally, the next-generation mobile network is introduced every decade. 

Australia NBN Data Traffic Up 70%

NBN data traffic is up 70 per cent during the business hours, according to the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, while mobile call volumes are up 50 percent on some routes. 

But the stay-at-home shift is not “breaking the internet." The sudden adoption of “stay at home” policies in many countries will provide a “stress test” for communications networks at the same time, revealing which networks are resilient, and which are less so. So far, there are few reports of problems, though perhaps it is inevitable that speculation about breaking the internet will prove irresistible storylines. 

The real story is the absence of reports about actual service degradation. A few service providers already have released data on the spike in usage.

Verizon reported that between March 12 and March 19, 2020, total voice usage on Verizon networks was up 25 percent, with the primary driver being use of conference call services.

Cisco reports that traffic on the Webex backbone connecting China-based Webex users to their global workplaces has increased as much as 22 times since the Covid-19 outbreak began. During the same time period, Webex also saw four to five times as many users in Japan, South Korea and Singapore, with the average time spent on Webex video meetings doubling among users in those countries.

Mobile voice usage was up 10 percent, while call duration was up 15 percent. Presumably much of that is related to the use of conference calling services. Still, voice traffic requires so little bandwidth that none of that would affect user experience overall. 

Virtual private network traffic was up 25 percent and web traffic was up 22 percent. 

With so many people now working at home, with schools closed, entertainment video and game play bandwidth consumption are new concerns for internet service and app providers. Some note that it is streaming video that represents the single biggest source of new demand on access networks. 

Streaming Netflix at high-definition settings uses up to 3000 MB per hour. Netflix in 4K will use even more. A virtual Zoom meeting, using 1080p settings consumes 1.8 Mbps, or about 810 MB per hour. 

Fortnite and Minecraft both reportedly use about 100 megabytes of data per hour, according to Chris Hoffman, How-To Geek editor. Most games likely consume 40 MB to 150 MB per hour. 

Perhaps some are surprised that global networks are holding up so well under the sudden additional load. That is testament to the investments internet service providers, cloud data centers and capacity suppliers have made over the past couple of decades.

After Corona, We are One, But We are Many

Stay safe out there, planet Earth. Corona Will Lose. 

Mobile Internet Prices in Low-Income Countries Confirms Long-Term Telecom Price Trends

Since the 1980s, connectivity product prices have fallen over time. That is true of mobile internet prices, voice and messaging, internet transit, cloud computing, mobile service, long distance calling  and fixed network internet access. 

The latest study by the Alliance for Affordable Internet confirms the trend. 

In 2019, low-income countries made impressive strides towards affordability. In 2019, low-income countries increased their affordability scores three times as much as middle-income countries, on average, according to the  Alliance for Affordable Internet. 

source: Alliance for Affordable Internet

The AAI index measures infrastructure availability and take rates, not actual prices. But the index then is correlated with prices for 1 gigabyte mobile prepaid plans. 

As always, the correlations might be different if other plans offering more usage are compared, as price-per-gigabyte tends to drop as volume rises, but absolute price might climb. That is important, as typical usage varies by country. 

In other words, if users in some countries buy plans featuring 3 GB or 10 GB, that means spending will be higher, because usage is higher. Conversely, spending will be lower when most users buy 500 MB to 1GB. 

Posted rates are one thing; actual buying behavior and usage can be quite different. But prices are dropping, everywhere. 

source: Alliance for Affordable Internet

The report also confirms what you would expect, that competition also increases affordability. 

Still, low-income countries saw a 15.6 percent increase in their affordability scores from 2018 to 2019, as well, compared to 4.5 percent and 5.1 per for lower-middle and upper-middle-income countries, the Alliance reports.

Capex Forecasts Suggest Expectations of Slow Revenue Growth

Global connectivity supplier capital investment (mobile and fixed) is projected to grow at a one percent compound annual growth rate between 2019 and 2022, according to the Dell’Oro Group. Other forecasts call for a decline in capex after 2022, as 5G and fiber investments to support 5G and fixed network broadband projects are completed. 

As a rule, capex budgets for service providers in developed markets are relatively fixed, year over year, with some ebbs and flows largely related to construction of each new next-generation network. 

source: Orange

As always, mobile investment is higher than fixed network investment, for one simple reason: mobility is where the bulk of revenue growth is expected. 

source: Dell'Oro Group

There also are regional differences, as Latin America and Asia are where growth will be higher, compared to Western Europe and North America, where growth will be lower, according to Standard & Poors.  

Still, mobile capex often grows when a new next-generation network has to be built, and then tapers off as construction moderates. So there is some chance that even mobile capex might not grow too much as 5G networks are built. 

In fact, fears that mobile operators could not afford 5G are proving incorrect. Just a few years ago, projections of 5G infrastructure cost were so high that many argued the networks could not be built. In fact, some speculated that 5G networks would cost 10 times that of 4G.  Others only expected 5G costs to double or triple. 

Capital investment levels, though, seem not to be skyrocketing, even as 5G is built. In fact, there is growing evidence that 5G can be built within existing capex budgets. 

There are several reasons. First, mobile operators are being deliberate in their spending and build rates. Also, capital expense is shifted from 4G to 5G, as always happens when a next-generation network is under construction. 

Also, network architects, working with better radios, have found that 5G mid-band signal coverage is almost identical to that of 4G, meaning less physical infrastructure actually turns out to be necessary. Also, low-band spectrum is being used for 5G rollouts, limiting capacity growth, but also requiring fewer new tower or radio sites and backhaul construction.

Better technology, allowing lower cost builds, also is at work. 

The bottom line is that mobile and fixed network capex reflects assumptions about revenue growth, as capex typically is set as a percentage of expected revenue. 

Current capex assumptions suggest connectivity suppliers generally expect slow revenue growth in Europe, North America, South Korea, Japan and Taiwan, with faster growth expected generally in wider Asia and Latin America.

Google Shows Value of Location Data, Also Spotlights Why Much Telco Data has Little Value

Google Maps now is being used to produce Community Mobility Reports, using anonymous data, showing how busy retail locations are, in the wake of pandemic-driven stay-at-home policies. 

In Canada, for example, visits to retail and recreation sites are down 59 percent, while visits to transit stations are down 66 percent. Visits to workplaces are down 44 percent. In France, trips to retail and recreation locations are down 88 percent, visits to grocery stores are down 72 percent, while trips to parks are down 82 percent. Transit station trips are down 87 percent. 

source: Google

One observation: Location data has been touted as one data source mobile service providers possess that has value in a commercial sense. In the internet era, it also is clear that app providers have reasonable approximations to that same data store. 

So what entity ends up creating a useful information service for health planners and governments that actually uses location data to show whether citizens are obeying the shelter in place rules? Google, not any single telco, collection of telcos, or non-profit entities funded by telcos. 

Connectivity providers seem to insist they are not just dumb pipes, but perhaps reality suggests they truly are. There is a business model for access and transport, to be absolutely certain. 

But legitimate questions can be raised about the revenues which can be generated by that function in the ecosystem. Moreover, legitimate questions also can be raised about telco roles in creating apps, as well. 

To the claim that “we have lots of valuable data stores, such as location data.” one might well retort that “so do many app providers.” And at least in this case, Google has shown the ability to create useful value from such data stores, where no telco apparently has been able to replicate. 

That is not a new story. Most observers who do not work for telcos have argued in the past that telcos are not good at innovation. Worse, the “data stores” they often claim are potentially so valuable might be just that: “potentially” valuable. 

Put another way, maybe not so valuable, after all.