As has been the case for earlier generations of conflicts between content owners (media firms, for example) and new types of firms (search, social media), conflicts over the training of large language models is being resolved in similar fashion: licensing deals.
Microsoft, for example, recently signed a deal with News Corp.’s Harper Collins allowing “select non-fiction back titles” to be used for training of artificial intelligence models, if individual authors agree.
The content is said to be for a new model Microsoft is creating, but not intended to “write books.”
Such deals have become more common as model owners work to defuse content owner objections to AI training using their copyrighted works.
Content Owner | AI Company | Deal Details | Payments |
News Corp | OpenAI | 5-year deal for access to current and archived content from publications like The Wall Street Journal, The New York Post, The Times, etc. Includes display of content in response to user queries and sharing of journalistic expertise56 | Over $250 million over 5 years56 |
Various Publishers | OpenAI | Annual licensing deals for training AI models, including companies like The Associated Press, Axel Springer, Prisa Media, Le Monde, and Financial Times56 | $1 million to $5 million per year136 |
The Atlantic | OpenAI | Access to archives for AI model training and collaboration on product development, including an experimental microsite6 | Not specified |
Vox Media | OpenAI | Access to archives for AI model training and assistance in creating products for consumers and advertising partners6 | Not specified |
Hearst | OpenAI | Licensing deal for content use in training AI models2 | Not specified |
Mumsnet, The Center for Investigative Reporting | OpenAI | No deal; instead, these entities have initiated legal complaints against OpenAI2 | - |
Conde Nast, NBC News, IAC (People and Daily Beast owner) | Apple | Discussions for licensing content archives for AI training, but no public deals announced yet2 | At least $50 million over a multiyear period (reported offer)3 |
Financial Times, Axel Springer, The Atlantic, Fortune | Prorata.ai | Licensing deal with revenue-sharing model; 50% of subscription revenue shared with content creators2 | Revenue-sharing basis |
Time, Der Spiegel, Fortune, Entrepreneur, The Texas Tribune, Automattic (WordPress.com owner) | Perplexity | Revenue-sharing deal with access to analytics and technology for creating custom answer engines2 | Revenue-sharing basis |
Reddit | Google | Licensing deal for user-generated content to train AI models4 | Not specified |
source: Seeking Alpha
Content Owner | AI/Search/Social Media Firm | Deal Details | Payments |
News Corp | OpenAI | Access to current and archived content from publications like The Wall Street Journal, The New York Post, The Times, etc. for training AI models and displaying content in response to user queries. Includes sharing of journalistic expertise155 | Over $250 million over 5 years |
The Associated Press | OpenAI | Licensing deal for training AI models and developing technology for news gathering45 | $1 million to $5 million per year |
Axel Springer | OpenAI | Licensing deal for training AI models and developing technology for news gathering45 | $1 million to $5 million per year |
Prisa Media | OpenAI | Licensing deal for training AI models and developing technology for news gathering5 | $1 million to $5 million per year |
Le Monde | OpenAI | Licensing deal for training AI models and developing technology for news gathering5 | $1 million to $5 million per year |
Financial Times | OpenAI | Licensing deal for training AI models and developing technology for news gathering15 | $1 million to $5 million per year |
Hearst | OpenAI | Licensing deal for training AI models1 | $1 million to $5 million per year |
Time, Der Spiegel, Fortune, Entrepreneur, The Texas Tribune, Automattic (WordPress.com owner) | Perplexity | Revenue-sharing deal with access to analytics and technology to create custom answer engines. Revenue generated from sponsored related questions will be shared with publishers1 | Revenue-sharing basis |
Conde Nast, NBC News, IAC (People and Daily Beast owner) | Apple | Discussions for licensing content archives, but no public deals announced yet. Apple is offering more substantial remuneration for broader rights to use the content124 | At least $50 million over a multiyear period (reported offer) |
Reddit | Google | Licensing deal for user-generated content to train AI models3 | Not specified |
Mumsnet, The Center for Investigative Reporting | OpenAI | No deal yet. Instead, these entities have initiated legal complaints against OpenAI |
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The New York Times | OpenAI | No deal yet. The New York Times is suing OpenAI and Microsoft for copyright infringement |
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