What is M2M Internet of Things Impact on Mobile Networks?

The eventual creation of many large sensor networks will have some impact on network traffic, but the precise nature of the new traffic load is a reasonable question.

One reasonable assumption most might make is that large networks of sensors will increase demand for mobile network connections, which might be the easiest way to activate and use large networks of sensors, many of which are related to logistics, automobiles and health care.

That will place a premium on mobile or untethered access, though not necessarily huge amounts of bandwidth from any single sensor.

Some networks, though, might combine collection and transmission of sensor data including some video and audio feeds, with obvious implications for the amount of new bandwidth load.

Security networks are one obvious example, although auto cameras or digestible cameras for health care provide other use cases.

Still, any predictions about the eventual volume of new data, or its impact on networks, are conditional. Nobody knows yet precisely how the volume, velocity or variety of data will shape networks.

Clearly there is a volume impact, but unless the traffic is video, it will be the multiplication of devices that is key, and the locations where those devices are used, not the actual bandwidth load that is crucial.

It will matter whether most transmitted data consists of web logs, RFID sensor readings,

unstructured social networking data, streamed video or audio.

Sampling frequency (how often the data is generated) will affect transmission load as well.  Real-time data need to be processed real-time, with implications for total traffic demand.

But signaling network activity might have the more notable impact. The sheer number of additional devices, requiring relatively little bandwidth but transmitting at discontinuous times, will likely stress the signaling network more than the bearer traffic network.

Big Telecom Merger Wave Coming, Between 2014 and 2016, CSS Insights Predicts

By one estimate, there have been 161 merger or acquisition deals announced or completed in Europe, so far in 2013. And Deutsche Telekom CEO Rene Obermann says it is necessary for European telecom companies to get bigger, to compete globally.

A major wave of industry restructuring will happen between 2014 and 2016, CSS Insight predicts, with a merger of Orange (France Telecom) and Deutsche Telekom among the deals predicted to happen in 2015.

A precursor would be the sale of T-Mobile US to Dish Network, CSS Insight predicts.

Telecom mergers tend to happen in waves, so it is not to hard to predict that many mergers and acquisitions will happen over the next couple of years, completing a merger wave that was stalled, temporarily it now seems, by the global Great Recession of 2008.

As with past waves of mergers, industry shocks will provide the impetus for the merger wave. Typically, those shocks are economic, regulatory or technological. The issue, some might argue, is whether sufficient capital liquidity will be available to underpin the mergers, as such liquidity is necessary, even when there are industry shocks.

Since the late 1990s, when there was a major wave of mergers, a second wave built in the few years leading up to 2007, after which the Great Recession seemed to slow down dealmaking.

But the U.S. mobile business has seen a big uptick in 2013, and many believe it is a sign of more coming activity globally.

In most telecom markets, at least in developed markets, a “rule of three” will hold, as that offer enough revenue and profit to support a stable cast of providers. But at the recent International Telecommunications Union “Telecom World,” even executives from Southeast Asian countries agreed that was about the number that is sustainable in many markets in that region.

Telecom Malaysia Revenue Grows, Fixed Broadband Helps

It is commonplace these days to note that Internet access revenues are driving growth in developed market telecom markets, especially in the mobile realm, but also in the fixed network segment.

As it turns out, that sometimes also is the case in “developing” markets as well, especially those with high penetration of mobile voice.

Telekom Malaysia pre-tax profit increased 11.1 percent to RM264.9 million in the third quarter of 2013, up from RM238.5 million in the third quarter of 2012.

Revenue grew 9.9 percent year-on-year growth to RM2.6 billion from RM2.4 billion previously, on the back of higher revenue contribution from Internet and data services, with net profit at RM240.9 million in the current quarter.

Significantly, a sizable portion of the revenue increase came from fixed network high-speed Internet access services.

Group Chief Executive Officer Tan Sri Zamzamzairani Mohd Isa said Telecom Malaysia has reached fixed network broadband coverage to 1.462 million premises, covering 103 exchanges nationwide, as of end-September 2013.

"We closed the quarter with more than 607,000 UniFi customers, that translates to a take-up rate of about 42 percent,” Isa said.

Total broadband customers increased 7.7 percent to 2.18 million.

Total Internet access and multimedia services revenue growth was 14.1 percent higher, year over year, while data services recorded a 17 percent increase to RM635.0 million.

U.K. Looks for 650 MHz More Wi-Fi and Mobile Spectrum

U.K. communications regulator Ofcom is investigating ways to free up up more mobile broadband and Wi-Fi spectrum over the next decade or two. Some think the effort could add up to 650 MHz of new Internet access spectrum.

Real Wireless thinks the spectrum effort could free up 300MHz of additional cellular spectrum, and 350 MHz for Wi-Fi. Some of that spectrum should be commercially available by 2020.

If so, Ofcom will make available perhaps seven times as much spectrum as was awarded as part of the recent Long Term Evolution 4G auctions, with initial thinking that all of the additional spectrum could be made available over about a 20 year period.

Ofcom estimates that this new spectrum could boost mobile data capacity by more than 25 times between now and 2030, when used in conjunction with more advanced mobile networks,

Among the candidates for redeployment are the 2.3 and 3.4 GHz bands. Currently licensed for use by the Ministry of Defense, Ofcom is working to make that spectrum available for auction between  2015 and 2016.

That shift of spectrum from public sector to private use is important since public entities use just over half of all U.K. spectrum.

Also being evaluated are some portions of  the 700 MHz band, used for digital TV broadcasting. Ofcom believes at least some of that spectrum could be released for mobile broadband use sometime after 2018.

The TV white spaces spectrum also is under investigation.

In addition, the 2.7 GHz radar band potentially could represent up to 100 MHz of spectrum.

Additional spectrum could be found in the 3.6 GHz band, which is currently used for satellite links. Mobile services might be able to share the band with existing satellite users.

There are any number of implications beyond the immediate matter of creating more potential mobile broadband spectrum. Making some of that new spectrum available necessarily will involve new ways of sharing spectrum.

And U.K. precedents should have implications for other regulatory authorities as well.

Above-Average Economic Growth in "Developing" Regions Will Drive Communications Growth as Well

Generally speaking, consumption of communications products and services tracks gross domestic product. So it makes a great deal of difference, to people and service and product or app suppliers when GDP grows, especially in emerging for developing economies. 

Whatever concern might exist in equity or bond markets related to frontier, emerging or developing markets, growth seems to be in the offing for the next two years. After that, predictions are for steady growth at about a 3.5 percent annual rate. 



According to the Internatiional Monetary Fund, overall global growth might see roughly similar growth rates.



Euopean nations might grow about at slower rates through 2017. 



U.S. GDP growth forecasts (albeit adjusted for inflation) are constrained at less than two percent annual rates. Non-adjusted rates are about two percent annually.

To the extent that more-robust growth is beneficial for communications service providers, the generally sluggish growth rates will mean tougher growth prospects.

Above-average growth rates will register throughout the "less developed" regions of the world. 

How Widely Could Small Cells Substitute for Fiber to Home?

Just five years since its inception, does the strategic plan for the Australian National Broadband Network need significant revision, and if so, what sort of revision? Already, there is discussion about where to use fiber to the home and where to use fiber to the neighborhood.

But are other changes, relying more on mobile access, also needed? A position paper created by the McKell Institute, and funded by Vodafone Australia, raises even more questions.

The McKell Institute paper makes the case that the Australian National Broadband Network, intended to build a new fiber access infrastructure for Australia, also can be used to support enhanced mobile Internet access, using fiber backhaul to support new arrays of small cells, and should do so, according to study author Michael Gordon-Smith.

The position paper, funded by Vodafone Australia, argues that It argues that small

mobile base stations, able to be placed on lampposts, and using the NBN for backhaul,  could significantly increase and improve mobile coverage in both urban and regional Australia.

The implications are unclear. If Vodafone Australia wishes to secure backhaul from the NBN, it is allowed to do so. The McKell position paper argues only that the NBN should be recrafted to add support for backhaul to small cell sites.

In and of itself, that is not so surprising. The minimalist change is that some potential small cell sites, such as lamp posts, could become terminating access locations.

But there also is another potential complication, namely the possibility that mobile Internet access, supported by such a network, could emerge as a stronger competitor to the planned fixed line access network.

And that eventuality could emerge based on the extent of the backhaul network for small cells. What if, instead of a “thin” deployment, small cell backhaul connections were widely deployed?

“Changes in the environment are sufficiently large that policymakers and NBN Co

should consider whether strategic decisions made five years ago need any modification,” said Gordon-Smith.

The key word is “strategic,” not merely “tactical.” And one might argue that allowing a mobile service provider to buy backhaul at urban backhaul locations is fairly tactical, requiring only that the NBN be willing to install drops for a paying customer.

It is subtle, but that very statement suggests mobile Internet access could become a more-important part of the access infrastructure enabled by the NBN. The reason is simple: mobile carriers always would have had the ability to buy services from NBN, to deploy in support of small cell networks, if they chose to do so.

The position paper, in suggesting markets and end user demand have shifted in the direction of mobile, invites further shifts in NBN architecture that seemingly have implications beyond allowing mobile service providers to become customers of the backhaul network.

“The NBN was not a single decision,” but a series of  choices about architecture, the priorities for rollout, and the services it will offer,” the paper suggests.

In other words, perhaps “affordable mobile broadband” is among the objectives the NBN could further, the paper suggests.

For obvious reasons, Vodafone Australia CEO John Morrow says “it is important to understand that mobile services are not a competitor to the NBN; they are in fact an ideal complement.”

Since Vodafone needs government cooperation to make such a use of the NBN possible, it is understandable that Vodafone Australia argues that adding this option would cost very little, but lead to “a broader range of compelling and exciting outcomes” for both fixed and mobile telecommunications.

But make no mistake, allowing use of NBN to create a widespread backhaul network for mobile small cells would represent a distinct competitor to the fixed access network. On the other hand, mobile networks would then become customers of the NBN as well..

“The NBN project commenced in 2009 as a means to upgrade Australia’s fixed telecommunications infrastructure,” Gordon-Smith said. “Since then mobile broadband,

smart phones and tablets have recreated the broadband landscape.”

Gordon-Smith argues that a “national broadband network that endeavors to benefit both the fixed-line and mobile broadband networks would...transform Australia’s telecommunications landscape.” And so it might.

The position paper only argues that the NBN infrastructure is well placed to deploy more “micro

cells” that increase capacity in areas where data traffic is high, especially shopping centers, schools, cafes, universities and public spaces.

Even in such a spot deployment, offload of traffic to the small cell network makes the rest of the mobile network more capable as a substitute for fixed Internet access.

Of Australian Internet subscribers in 2012, 47 percent accessed the Internet using a mobile phone, while 23 percent accessed the Internet via a mobile broadband device, the paper notes.

Just how big a change Vofafone Australia contemplates is unknown. 

Adding fiber to small cell locations might, as the paper suggests, be a slight change. But it is a small step to contemplate how extensive such a backhaul effort ought to be.

Conducted extensively enough, a small cell network, originally envisioned as an augmentation network to add more capacity or coverage in high-traffic areas, might also deliver more capacity even in some residential areas.

That would be a strategic change, indeed.

NAB, DoD Agreement Clears Way for Auction of 50 MHz of Mobile Spectrum

The National Association of Broadcasters and the Pentagon have come to an agreement which will enable the Federal Communications Commission to free up the 1755 MHz 1780 MHz band as part of the planned auction of former TV broadcast spectrum, the most significant opportunity for U.S. mobile operators to increase their licensed spectrum capacity in many years.

The new agreement is part of an auction of spectrum in the 2155-to-2180 megahertz band, collectively referred to as AWS-3 (advanced wireless services), and will allow mobile service providers to bid on 50 MHz of spectrum.

The government technology and spectrum body, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, sent a letter to the FCC detailing the deal, under which the DoD has agreed to move its operations out of the 1755 MHz to 1780 MHz band to the 2025 MHz to 2110 MHz band.

That move is enabled by a spectrum sharing pact with the broadcasters, which currently use the 2025 MHz to 2110 MHz band for remote news gathering.

The importance of the deal extends beyond the matter of freeing up about 50 MHz of spectrum for mobile communications.

The move reflects a broader embrace of more-flexible approaches to spectrum allocation. Though this auction affects only spectrum in the United States, the notion of sharing formerly allocated government spectrum for commercial purposes will be noted internationally, and likely will spur similar efforts elsewhere.

In principle, that could mean many new blocks of spectrum could be made available in many other markets, vastly expanding the amount of spectrum Internet and communications service providers can use.