Mobile Money Already is a Major Revenue Driver for Safaricom

If you want an indication of how big a deal mobile money services could be for some mobile service providers, consider that M-Pesa, operated by Safaricom, now accounts for 13.3 percent of Safaricom’s total revenue.

To give you some idea of how important that is, consider that, in 2008, business services accounted for about 14 percent of global service provider revenues. In other words, as a percentage of revenue, what Safaricom is making from mobile money services is as significant as business services were, in 2008.

For Safaricom, mobile money already is more significant than mobile messaging revenues were in 2008, more important than video services, more important than mobile broadband.



On the other hand, mobile service providers will have very-different opportunities in developing markets, than in developed markets. A simple way of putting matters would be to say that, in developing markets, where the mobile device and mobile service provider provide the functional equivalent of a banking service, the obvious value is “access” to banking.

In developed regions, where banking is well developed, that will not be the case. Instead, mobile service providers will have to create more complex new services, and the role of third party partners will be crucial. Some might even argue that, ultimately, mobile service providers will have to create applications that are highly integrated with core banking functions, for example.

In developed regions, “applications” are the value, and that will require rather more complex infrastructure and relationships.


In developing regions, the demand is for low-cost, low-speed, and infrequent transfers of money, often of small amounts.

In developed regions, the demand if for high speed, higher value transactions that might occur more frequently as well.

Broadband "Progress" Is Hard to Measure, These Days

Whether you are an end user, a service provider, an investor or a regulator, it now is harder than it once was to figure out what to buy, why to buy, where to invest, how much to invest or what the important metrics are, when trying to determine how well any nation or area is doing, in the area of broadband access.

According to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development statistics, there were 314.9 million fixed network broadband connections in use in the OECD countries in December 2011, for example.

There also were 667.4  million wireless broadband connections in use at the same time, for a total of 982.3 million broadband connections. That means 68 percent of all broadband connections in the OECD region are wireless.

That has obvious implications for service providers, investors, end users and regulators alike, as it means any effort to measure broadband subscribers, access speeds and prices is much more complicated than it once was.

That is not to say fixed and mobile broadband are full substitutes for each other. Potential bandwidth, price per bit and location are key dimensions on which mobile broadband and fixed broadband are distinct products.

As tablets show a historic shift in what people are doing, and want to do, using “computing” devices, so people are showing historic new patterns in terms of how they want to consume Internet applications and content.

Though the trend is most clear in developing regions, where a mobile device is the primary way people use Internet apps, it increasingly is the case that a “small screen” smart phone or feature phone is the way many people are choosing to use the Internet.

In China, for example, there now are fewer fixed broadband subscribers, compared to last year. Internet users reached 530 million over the past six months, but the  broadband subscriber base actually shrank as mobile became the most popular way for users to get online for the first time, a report by the Chinese government suggests.

Of those Internet users, some 380 million were fixed broadband users, down from 396 million in December 2011, and 388 million were mobile internet users, up from 356 million.

Instead of growing, as you might expect, fixed broadband accounts actually declined, as users apparently decided to spend their money on mobile broadband, rather than fixed broadband.

The point is that, though it is useful to measure how fixed network access bandwidth, usage or prices are developing, that does not offer a full picture of how people are using broadband, since two thirds of broadband connections in the OECD are of the mobile variety.

For example, though it is noteworthy that the Federal Communications Commission reports “striking across-the-board-improvements” in U.S. broadband access services in its July 2012 “Measuring Broadband America Report,” that describes improvements in connections that represent only about a third of total paid connections.

The study is important, as it suggests fixed network ISPs are doing much better, in a few key areas.

Five ISPs now routinely deliver nearly one hundred percent or greater of the speed advertised to the consumer even during time periods when bandwidth demand is at its peak, the report says.

In the August 2011 Report, only two ISPs met this level of performance. In 2011, the average ISP delivered 87 percent of advertised download speed during peak usage periods; in 2012, that jumped to 96 percent, the report says. .

Performance also is more uniform, across providers. The 2011 study showed wide variances between top performers and bottom performers in meeting advertised speeds.

On average, customers subscribed to faster speed tiers in 2012 than in 2011. This is a result of both upgrades by ISPs to their network as well as some migration of consumers to higher speed services.

During the testing period for the August 2011 Report, the average speed tier was 11.1 Megabits per second. In the latest report, speed increased to 14.3 Mbps, an almost 30 percent increase in just one year.

The actual increase in experienced speed by consumers was even greater than the increase in advertised speed. End user experienced speeds rose from 10.6 Mbps to 14.6 Mbps, an  improvement of about 38 percent over the one year period.

The report expresses optimism that the U.S. market is moving toward the goal of equipping at least 100 million homes with actual download speeds of at least 50 Mbps by 2015, and 100 Mbps by 2020.

The August 2011 Report showed that the ISPs included in the Report were, on average, delivering 87 percent of advertised speeds during the peak consumer usage hours of weekdays from 7:00 pm to 11:00 pm local time.

The July 2012 Report finds that ISP performance has improved overall, with ISPs delivering on average 96 percent of advertised speeds during peak intervals, and with five ISPs routinely meeting or exceeding advertised rates.

On average, during peak periods, DSL-based services delivered download speeds that were 84 percent of advertised speeds, cable-based services delivered 99 percent of advertised speeds, and fiber-to-the-home services delivered 117 percent of advertised speeds.

This compared with 2011 results showing performance levels of 82 percent for DSL, 93 percent for cable, and 114 percent for fiber.

Peak period speeds decreased from 24-hour average speeds by 0.8 percent for fiber-to-the-home services, 3.4 percent for DSL-based services and 4.1 percent for cable-based services. This compared with 0.4 percent for fiber services, 5.5 percent for DSL services and 7.3 percent for cable services in 2011.

Average peak period download speeds varied from a high of 120 percent of advertised speed to a low of 77 percent of advertised speed. This is a dramatic improvement from last year where these numbers ranged from a high of 114 percent to a low of 54 percent.

In 2011, on average, ISPs had a six percent decrease in delivered versus advertised download speed between their 24 hour average and their peak period average. In 2012, average performance improved, and there was only a three  percent decrease in performance between 24 hour and peak averages.

All of that is good news for end users. But those improvements reflect changes to about a third of all U.S. broadband connections. And it remains very hard to measure “value” in the broadband access business.

Raw speed is a good thing. But if raw speed were the only consideration, people wouldn’t pay for and use mobile broadband. Nor is any measurement of fixed network broadband access the full story, in any nation within the OECD, or arguably outside the OECD, as well.

Is "Wi-Fi-Only" Really a Tablet Shortcoming?

For some observers, a tablet that supports only Wi-Fi connections is defective. Maybe not. At least so far, the overwhelming percentage of tablet usage occurs at home, with the balance of usage at public hot spots or at work. 


If 88 percent of tablet use occurs in a living room, where Wi-Fi is assumed to be present, there are only 12 percent of other locations where a tablet might conceivably be used, and one might argue that a smart phone will suffice for most of those use cases.


Some 24 percent of tablet users say they likewise use tablets at work, where Wi-Fi reasonably also can be presumed to be available.


The point is that the hope mobile service providers have of more consumers adopting mobile broadband for their tablets remains largely an expectation.


Of course, some will argue that the current usage pattern is shaped by the fact that most people have purchased devices without native mobile network support. What people cannot do, they do not do. 


But that seems to ignore the more obvious conclusion, which is that tablets get used mostly in situations where Wi-Fi is available. In that case, lack of direct mobile connectivity is not such a big problem. For users who normally carry a smart phone with personal hotspot service, there is virtually no problem at all. 





 

Wireless Now Leads Global Broadband Growth

The focus of global broadband adoption now has shifted to the wireless domain, a dstudy suggests. Wireless broadband subscriptions showed growth of over 13 percent in the last six months and Korea (100.6) and Sweden (98.0) have wireless penetration above or near 100 percent. 

The global number of wireless broadband subscriptions in OECD countries totals 667 million, up from 590 million in June 2011, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). 

Switzerland tops for the first time the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) fixed broadband rankings for fixed broadband "density,"  with 39.9 subscribers per 100 inhabitants, followed closely by the Netherlands (39.1) and Denmark (37.9). The OECD average is 25.6, according to new OECD statistics.

Fixed wired broadband subscriptions reached 314 million in the OECD area at the end of 2011, although growth slowed to 1.8 percent in the second half of 2011, the study suggests.

OECD Fixed (wired) broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, by technology, December 2011

The overall share of DSL subscriptions continues to decrease (55.8 percent), to the benefit of cable (30 percent) and, especially, fibre-to-the-home subscriptions that now represent 13.7 percent of the total number of fixed broadband subscriptions.

Data and charts for the December 2011 broadband statistics are available here. 

China Shows Broadband is a Product, Like Any Other, and can Mature

For more than a hundred years, fixed network voice seemed to be a product that defied the "product life cycle." Demand only seemed to grow.


As it turns out, fixed network voice now is behaving as a normal product. Demand in some markets is declining, while substitute products arguably are taking share.


The question therefore is whether fixed network broadband access also will turn out to be a product, with a life cycle. In China, the answer already might be "yes."


Internet users reached 530 million over the past six months, but its broadband subscriber base actually shrank as mobile became the most popular way for users to get online for the first time, the study suggests.


Of those users, some 380 million were fixed broadband users, down from 396 million in December 2011, and 388 million were mobile internet users, up from 356 million, according to the report by the Chinese government. :

75% of Planet's People Have a Mobile Phone

Some 75 percent of all the world’s people now have a mobile phone, according to the World Bank and infoDev, its technology entrepreneurship and innovation program. In fact, the number of mobile subscriptions in low- and middle-income countries increased by more than 1,500 percent between 2000 and 2010, from 4 to 72 per 100 inhabitants, the World Bank says.


The number of mobile subscriptions in use worldwide, both pre-paid and post-paid, has grown from fewer than one billion in 2000 to over six billion now, of which nearly five billion are in use in developing countries. 


Ownership of multiple subscriptions is becoming increasingly common, suggesting that their number will soon exceed that of the human population, the World Bank also says.



Before the expansion of mobile networks, agricultural producers were often unaware of these prices and had to rely on information from traders and agents to determine whether, when, where, or for how much to sell their crops.


The resulting  “information asymmetry” often results in price dispersion—drastically different prices for the same products in markets only short distances apart—and thus lost income for some farmers and higher prices for consumers.


Numerous studies have shown the benefits of communications in promoting access to price information, including increases of up to 24 percent in incomes for farmers and up to 57 percent for traders and price reductions of around four percent for consumers depending on the crop, country, and year of study, the World Bank says. 



One study conducted in Niger from 2001 to 2006 found that the introduction of mobile phones had reduced grain price dispersion by 6.4 percent and reduced price variation by 12 percent over the course of one year, the report says. 







Applications now are moving to the forefront as "access" becomes nearly universal, the report also maintains. 


Download the report here. 

Do People Really Want to Use Mobile Broadband for Their Tablets?

Mobile service providers hope that tablet users will want to connect their tablets using the cellular network, instead of using Wi-Fi. New shared mobile data plans are intended to encourage such choices. Will it work?


Some don't believe so. The share of tablets with built-in cellular connectivity will decline over the next four years despite the expected proliferation of multi-device data plans designed to encourage their adoption, according to a new forecast by CCS insight. 


The study suggests 48 percent of tablet shipments in 2011 were cellular-enabled. The firm expects the share of cellular-enabled tablets will slowly diminish to 37 percent in 2016.


"Most users do not regard cellular connectivity in tablets as a must-have, especially given the current price of tablets and mobile data subscriptions," says CCS Insight,

For most users, that is because tablets mostly are used inside the home, where a Wi-Fi connection is available.