San Francisco Studies Cost of Municipal Fiber to Home Network

Though stating that “Internet access is available to most premises in San Francisco,” a consultant’s report to the city of San Francisco rightly suggests that “additional ISPs, whether public or private, would increase competition in the ISP marketplace.”

The study suggests a demand-driven buildout, where a city-owned network would be built incrementally, on the model of Google Fiber, might cost $393.7 million.

At an assumed market share of 30 percent of all ISP customers, and residential and commercial subscriber rates of $70 and $100 per month, respectively, revenues would not be sufficient to cover the $103.2 million in estimated annual debt service, capital and operating costs for 20 years until the initial construction debt is paid off.

A full-city, every location build would cost even more: $867.3 million.

Ongoing annual costs would be $231.7 million per year.

Assuming there are about 386,570 dwellings, and that all are occupied (actual occupancy is probably about 92 percent) and 32,360 business locations, a universe of about 418,930 locations must be passed by a ubiquitous network, the full cost of building the network, excluding drops and operating costs, is somewhere in excess of $2,000 per passing.

source: Budget and Legislative Analyst report

U.S. Cable TV Industry About to Become Even More Concentrated than U.S. Telco Segment

If the U.S. Federal Communications Commission approves the merger of Time Warner Cable and Charter Communications, consolidating the number-two and number-three U.S. cable operators, the U.S. cable TV industry will assume a market structure that closely mirrors that of the U.S. fixed network telecom industry.

That is to say, there will be a huge gap between the top-two providers, in each industry segment, and the rest of the providers.

The U.S. cable TV industry would be lead by Comcast, at more than 22 million accounts, followed by Charter-Time Warner with more than 16 million accounts.

Number three Cablevision Systems has nearly 2.6 million accounts. All the other providers have less than one million accounts each.

In the “former telco” fixed network segment, AT&T and then Verizon have about 66 percent of all accounts. Number three CenturyLink might have less than five percent of accounts, and all the others are smaller than that.

In other words, both cable TV and telco segments are lead by just two firms. In the cable TV segment, just two firms will control 77 percent of the accounts; in the telco segment just two firms will control 66 percent of accounts.

In other words, the cable TV segment will be even more concentrated than the telco segment.

source: Market Realist

How Important Will Facilities-Based High Speed Access Competition Become, in U.K. Market?

Some new developments in the U.K. high speed access infrastructure market illustrate the potential advantages of facilities-based competition in high speed access markets, as opposed to reliance on wholesale provided by a former incumbent supplier.

New players in the high speed access market will boost connections in the United Kingdom by 70 percent over the next five years, from almost nine million at the end of 2015 to more than 15.5 million by the end of 2020, IHS estimates, with much of that increase based on use of facilities-based alternatives to BT Openreach.

If there are 26.5 million U.K. households, that implies new providers will snare no less than 58 percent of U.K. households as customers. That might seem improbable. Assume Virgin Media remains a supplier to 20 percent of customers. 

That means cable TV and other retail providers using physically-separate networks from Openreach will represent 78 percent of the customer base, leaving just 22 percent for BT and all other Openreach wholesale customers.

It is not impossible, but perhaps neither is it the most-likely outcome.

source: Thinkbroadband

Also, there is the example of Virgin Media, which passes about 12.7 million homes--some 48 percent of U.K. households--and represents most of the base of customers for “30 Mbps or faster” connections. Virgin has about 20 percent of the installed base of connections.

If you accept the IHS forecast, and also assume the facilities-based new providers serve customers other than those served by cable TV, then potentially all U.K. homes would be reached either by physically-distinct cable TV or other facilities not provided by Openreach.

That seems unlikely. So some of us might argue the actual installed base of customers using wholesale competitors to Openreach is going to be smaller than IHS forecasts. And that assumes Virgin Media does not gain any more customers, which also seems unlikely.

It might be possible to argue that, already in 2016, facilities-based competitors serve as much as 82 percent of U.K. households. That clearly would be incorrect, as BT  itself claimed in 2013 some 38 percent of U.K. Internet access lines.

The logical way to explain CityFibre market share is to argue that it disproportionately serves business accounts, not consumer accounts. Perhaps as much as 30 percent of CityFibre retail provider customers are business accounts.

How ever much success facilities-based competitors--in addition to cable TV--will have in the U.K. market, it seems rather clear that business accounts will be a significant driver for facilities-based competitors to BT.

But it might be easy to overestimate prospects for the “alternate” network providers.

source: ISP Review

Will India Regulate OTT Voice and Messaging Under Common Carrier Rules?

The problem with network neutrality, many would argue, is that it is so hard to define with precision, perhaps impossible to enforce  and seemingly so malleable a concept that it goes beyond protecting consumer access to all lawful apps and impinges on what might be considered normal methods used by retailers to create promotions and value for their customers.

And, as always is the case, every instance of public policy setting has concrete implications for the fortunes of private companies operating under those rules, creating winners and losers.

One might argue that TRAI’s new interpretation of network neutrality rules, which barred sponsored data programs such as Free Basics, seen as harmful to Facebook, also benefitted Google.

Another set of potential moves by TRAI might help telcos protect their carrier voice and messaging businesses.

Reportedly, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) is considering a review of whether over the top apps such as WhatsApp and Skype should be regulated in the same way as carrier voice and messaging, applying common carrier rules to some unknown extent.

That obviously will benefit telcos and mobile operators in the short term, harm OTT app providers, raise prices for consumers and likely also increase regulatory revenues related to providing voice and messaging services.

An earlier TRAI white paper issued in March 2015 noted that OTT voice and messaging apps were cannibalizing telecom service provider revenues.

The new white paper could be the opening gambit that leads to a move to regulate OTT voice and messaging as common carrier voice is regulated.

That earlier report noted that voice calls on telecom networks are 12.5 times more expensive than those through OTT services, while carrier messaging rates are 16 times higher than OTT rates.

Whenever new telecom policy frameworks are considered, it is unavoidable that private interests are favored or harmed.

Barring sponsored data or common carrier regulation of OTT apps are no exceptions.

Video Business Change: Watch for Qualitative Changes

The U.S. linear subscription video business lost more than one million video customers

in 2015, about four times the level of 2014 losses, and the third year in a row that linear subscription TV losses have occurred, according to SNL Kagan.

The fourth quarter improved, with losses no worse than the fourth quarter of 2014. The industry dipped by 15,000 total customers in the fourth quarter.

Mostly, that is noise.

Some observers will suggest that performance reflects a high level of promotional activity on the part of suppliers. Others will conclude that the cord cutting trend has abated.

Not so. The big changes now are going to be qualitative, not quantitative, in the sense of subscriber counts. In other words, OTT suppliers will begin a long march to replicating most of the content richness linear services provide.

So the key changes will not so much be about subscriber gains or losses, but the change in the nature of the relative products. OTT will gain richness, while linear services will offer more-affordable packages with less content diversity.

Cable TV operators lost 599,000 net accounts in 2015, the first time in seven years that the cable TV industry lost fewer than one million accounts. Some will point to telco account losses as a large part of the reason for the limited cable TV losses.

The satellite providers lost 478,000 subscribers during the year, compared to a loss of 39,000 in 2014.

The telco segment ended 2015 essentially flat.

According to Leichtman Research, the big net change in 2015 was that cable TV providers did much better, telcos did much worse.

The top nine cable companies lost about 345,000 video subscribers in 2015, compared to a loss of about 1,215,000 subscribers in 2014.

Satellite TV providers added 86,000 subscribers in 2015 (including Dish Network OTT subscriptions). In 2014 the satellite providers gained 20,000 subscribers.

Excluding the Sling TV gains, DBS providers lost about 450,000 linear subscribers in 2015.

The top telephone providers lost 125,000 video subscribers in 2015, compared to a gain of about 1,050,000 net additions in 2014.

In the fourth quarter of  2015, the top linear TV providers added about 110,000 subscribers, more than the 90,000 added in the in fourth quarter of 2014.

The largest cable companies added about 125,000 subscribers in the quarter, the first quarter for net additions since the first quarter of 2008.

DirecTV net adds of 214,000 subscribers in the quarter were higher than in any quarter since the fourth quarter of 2010.

AT&T U-verse lost 240,000 subscribers in the quarter, compared to a gain of 73,000 subscribers in the same quarter of 2014.

It likely is unwise to assume that the shift to OTT entertainment video has slowed, even if Netflix and others have begun to reach saturation levels. But the bigger changes might come in the form of packaging and pricing, not subscription levels as such.

Look for OTT offers to proliferate, and gradually start to replicate more of the program diversity linear services represent. That is the growth pattern we have seen recently for any number of competitive services.

They start out on the low end of the value continuum, but are available at vastly-lower cost. Over time, value increases. That is going to be the pattern for OTT video as well.

Four or Three? French Mobile Operators Should Know Soon

Sometime in March 2016, Orange and Bouygues Telecom executives likely will make a decision about combining the two companies. Aside from the obvious details of valuation of the assets and governance issues, the firms will have decided on a regulatory strategy as well, likely including asset disposals to the remaining mobile carriers, Iliad Free and Numericable-SFR.

If the companies proceed, and if the French government approves the deal, Orange will be an even-stronger competitor in the French mobile market.

Importantly, the number of leading providers in the French market will be cut from four to three.

That is a notable change, as regulators globally disagree about the minimum number of suppliers required to maintain vigorous competition in any mobile market. French regulators seem to have shifted views, arguing that consolidation would be better, long term.

French regulators seem to be comfortable with three providers. European Commission regulators seem to prefer four.

In a direct sense, those views lean one way or the other on a key question: what is better, lower prices for consumers or stronger firms able to invest more?

French regulators seem to believe investment now is the bigger issue, so three providers is better, as fewer competitors likely means higher prices, and therefore more ability to invest in next-generation networks.

EC regulators seem more focused on the traditional concern, namely lower prices for consumers, at the risk of less investment.

source: Bloomberg

source: Telecompaper

IoT Could Bring IT Advantages to Another 80% of Firms

There is a very good reason why communications and information technology  industry executives believe the Internet of Things will be so consequential.

For starters, we are approaching the point where every person that wants a phone, equipped with Internet access service, already will buy such products.

Such a saturated market will force mobile operators to look for big new markets. And a logical big new market is IoT.

So connecting billions of sensors, and putting their information to work, will create a huge new market for connections.

And IoT could create big new enterprise markets, bringing some IT benefits to "physical" industries that have been reaped mostly by "digital product" industries.

If it is true that “physical” industries make up roughly 80 percent of the private sector, and if those industries have deployed information technology at rates less than seven times that of leading industries, then the Internet of Things could lead to an enormous change in communications and information technology markets.

In fact, some might go so far as to argue that the full benefits of the Internet, beyond older waves of computer technology, might be reaped for the first time by most businesses, as a direct result of IoT.

Machine-to-machine communications related to “Internet of Things” processes will account for roughly 35 percent to 47 percent of mobile data communications by 2030, argues Michael Mandel, Progressive Policy Institute chief economic strategist and a senior fellow at Wharton’s Mack Institute for Innovation Management.

By 2030, more than 1900 MHz of spectrum in the sub-mmW bands (three times the current availability) and at least 1.2 million cell sites (four times the current level) will be necessary, Mandel argues.

Though “causation” arguably is difficult to establish, digital industries have had triple the productivity growth of the physical industries in recent years.

For the 14-year period between 2000 and 2014, productivity growth for digital industries has averaged 2.8 percent per year, compared to 0.9 percent for the physical industries.

“Today, tech/telecom spending per worker in the digital industries is almost seven times that of the physical industries,” Mandel says.

source: TA Consulting

source: KEW Associates

source: KEW Associates