U.S. Mobile Market Goes North in 4Q; Rest of World Goes South

The U.S. mobile market behaved differently from most of the rest of the world in the fourth quarter of 2008: most markets saw revenue declines; the United States did not..

Mobile end-user average revenue per user dropped between five percent and 15 percent globally in the fourth quarter of 2008, year-over-year, according to researchers at ABI Research. China, India, and a number of other Asian markets dropped more than 10 percent.

In Europe the ARPU contraction was in the range of five to eight percent.

But in North America, ARPU grew, on the strength of mobile data revenues. In South America, markets were more mixed with some markets deflating inline and others, like Brazil, managing to hold up ARPUs, says ABI Research.

To be sure, mobile data revenues are growing in virtually every market. Mobile data (messaging and mobile Internet) contributes 38 percent of Japanese ARPUs, and many European operators depend on mobile data for over 25 percent to 30 percent of their ARPU.

One can only speculate about why the U.S. market has behaved differently. Perhaps, despite the recession, consumers have more discretionary income. Perhaps pricing models are such that variable usage reductions are less attractive. Maybe there is something different about the demand curve for mobile Internet.

Whatever the reasons, the U.S. mobility business was somewhat atypical in the fourth quarter.

http://www.abiresearch.com/press/1421-Economic+Conditions+Reducing+Mobile+End-User+Spending+Up+to+15%25

AT&T Wireless-Broadband Bundles Show Strong Growth

Worth noting: AT&T CFO Rick Lindner says "our stand-alone DSL product which about 50 percent of the time is bundled with wireless has been very strong for us."

You might suspect there has been some recent promotional activity to encourage such behavior but that is not the case. "We haven’t been running any significant promotional activities I think in the last few quarters," Lindner says.

The implication: high-speed Internet access and wireless are the two foundation communications services.

4.3 Billion Mobile Subscribers This Year

With mobile subscriptions expected to reach 4.3 billion in 2009 and to grow to nearly 5.4 billion by 2013, mobile communications have evolved from “nice-to-have,” to providing utility-like services, say researchers at ABI Research.

The trends driving these capabilities are evolving and include changing distribution models, greater choice of connected devices, faster networks and proliferation of mobile applications. All these choices highlight one of the biggest challenges facing the industry today: mobile services personalization.

“Customers increasingly want a personalized experience with their mobile device and service," says ABI Research Mobile Services practice director Dan Shey. Service personalization involves not only allowing them to find and select the right mobile services and applications but also to control, monitor, and pay for mobile services in a way that best suits their needs."

Wireless "Net Neutrality" Will Lead to Higher Prices

There's a sort of inescapable logic to what wireless network access providers will do if or when mobile VoIP applications are freely enabled, as some policy proponents advocate. Since the entire business model rests on voice revenues, the loss of those revenues will be compensated for in the form of higher mobile broadband access prices.

Existing best-effort plans might be the baseline. But new plans optimized for voice, or conferencing, or other applications, might well emerge. Of course, optimizing might violate some notions of "net neutrality," unless optimizing is available to any provider of voice over a mobile IP network, in which case it might not be a neutrality violation.

But those optimizing services will be an add-on.

You might argue providers can create replacement revenues some other way: selling content or advertising, for example. But the numbers don't work. Build your own spreadsheet and you'll figure that out. There is no conceivable new revenue stream that replaces voice revenues "one for one."

After some years of watching what happens in a robust, mandatory wholesale environment, even European regulators are starting to see what happens. Service providers start spending their money outside the home market, where financial returns are higher.

Investors aren't dumb. Businesses with low growth and margin prospects get less investment than competing alternatives promising a higher return. The current capital stringency is bad enough. Wait until you see a capital strike.

http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Mobile-and-Wireless/Skypes-iPhone-App-May-Force-FCC-Hand-on-Wireless-Net-Neutrality-527564/?kc=rss

Wireless Prices Lower, Usage Higher

Since 2006, U.S. mobile users have been paying dramatically lower prices, and therefore talking more, than users in Western Europe and Japan, the latest Federal Communications Commission data indicates.

And though there may be other areas where work must be done, access, usage and price no longer are problems. Nearly 90 percent of potential users have access to four or more different providers. Some 95.5 percent have access to at least three providers. Fully 99 percent of people have access to at least two different providers. And 99.8 percent of potential users have access to at least one provider. That includes people living in rural areas where service is more limited.

Approximately 99.3 percent of the U.S. population living in rural counties have one or more different operators offering mobile telephone service in the census. Nearly 57 percent of the population lives in areas with at least five competing operators.

On average U.S. mobile subscribers paid about seven cents per minute for mobile voice calls in December 2006 based on an estimate of average revenue per minute. Prices declined 85 percent from 47 cents in December 1994 to seven cents in December 2005.

In Western Europe revenue per minute averaged 20 cents in the last quarter of 2006, while in Japan users paid an average of 26 cents a minute.

U.S. mobile subscribers lead the world in average voice usage by a wide margin, with Western European subscribers averaging 150 minutes and Japanese subscribers averaging 145 minutes, compared to an average of over 700 minutes in the U.S. market.

Lower prices also have other effects of concern to wired service providers. If wireless use does not cost too much more than tethered calling, lots of users will simply abandon use of wirelines in their lives as consumers.

During the second half of 2006, 11.8 percent of U.S. adults lived in households with only wireless phones, up from 7.8 percent in the second half of 2005, and triple the percentage (3.5 percent) in the second half of 2003.

About one in four adults aged 18 to 24 years lived in households with only
wireless telephones, and nearly 30 percent of adults aged 25-29 years lived in wireless-only households.

Less Focus on Landlines?

Once upon a time, telecom analysts tracked the volume of a carrier's access lines in service, applied a revenue per line metric, and got pretty close to that carrier's annual revenue. No longer.

Given the mutltiple lines of business and products, if anything gets tracked as a more accurate predicator of how a carrier is doing, it is revenue-generating units.

Keep in mind that most tier one "telco" service providers get something on the order of 20 percent of revenue from consumer landlines these days. To be be sure, lines still are important cash flow generators, but no longer are driving growth.

That honor is reserved for mobile and broadband products. Businesses are a different matter, but for consumers, most of whom are equipped with wireless phones in any case, there just are more questions every day about why to keep a wireline circuit.

Some analysts predict that, by 2010 (two more years) wireless-only households should rise to 27 percent, from at least 13 percent in 2007, according to the Pew Internet & American Life Project. Other analysts think the figures already are higher, in the 17 percent range.

Mobile Web is About the Big Brands

You'd be hard pressed to find a more significant year in the U.S. mobile business than the one that is passing. We witnessed the entry of a major consumer and computer electronics retailer--Apple--into the mobile business. We saw the emergence of an unprecedented revenue model for the iPhone.

We saw Google put together an open source community around Android that includes tier-one mobile service providers. We saw Google make at least an opening bid for actual spectrum, and cement development deals with Sprint and Clearwire for WiMAX handsets.

We saw the Federal Communications Commission mandate an "open networks, open devices" regime for the 700-MHz C block spectrum, the best quality mobile spectrum yet to be made available, because of its wall-penetrating abilities signals in the 700-MHz range possess.

We saw Verizon Wireless declare its support for "open" networks as well. Taken together, all the developments signal the emergence of the mobile Web. And that is going to create new space for contestants, including the most-popular Web brands.

That is not to say networks are unimportant. It is to say that now handsets and brands become much more important in the wireless business. That's a huge change.

Massive Mobile VoIP Use by 2012

Who will massively introduce mobile VoIP? Mobile carriers themselves, says Dean Bubley, Disruptive Analysis president. In fact, some 250 million VoIP over mobile accounts will be in service by 2012, he argues. Analysts at Analysys seem to agree, arguing that wireless VoIP end users will outnumber wired VoIP users in the near future, as shown in the graphic.

Conversely, dual-mode mobile devices that work both on wireless networks and Wi-Fi will have been eclipsed, he argues. As for independent providers of VoIP over third generation mobile networks, get ready for something of the same thing that has happened to Vonage, he essentially argues.

In other words, as the mobile carriers increasingly move to provider VoIP as an alternative to legacy Time Division Multiplex services, it will increasingly be tough for independents to make a go of it, much as competition from cable has squeezed Vonage and other independents in the U.S. market.

Independents do have a window of opportunity, though, since the majors haven't yet moved.

Though some will find the analysis disturbing, Bubley's predictions fit well with the past history of technology innovations in the global telecom industry. That is to say, innovations at first are brought to market by upstarts. At some point, it becomes crucial for the majors to adopt, and they do.

Bubley's analysis rests on a couple of simple assumptions. Since mobile carriers are migrating to all-IP networks, voice necessarily will be in the form of VoIP. Either that, or keep running a parallel TDM voice network. The coming IP networks also will operate in more bandwidth-efficient mode than a circuit-switched network, possibly in the range of 100 percent to 200 percent, he argues. Given demands for more data bandwidth, that will be compelling.

Then there's the attraction of IP-enabled features not possible with TDM. Also, mobile providers will want to collapse multiple networks and switching fabrics. Just as wireline networks are moving to IP Multimedia Subsystems, so wireless operators, who initially were the impetus for the creation of IMS, will do so. And that means IP-based voice.

Global Telecom Revenue Up Again

For all the talk of how IP-based services will cannibalize legacy communications revenue, only narrowband voice services seem to be stalled at this point. In 2008, projects Insight Research, worldwide service provider revenues are predicted to grow to $1.7 trillion
in 2008, and to keep growing to $2.7 trillion in 2013.

While the overall CAGR is 10.3 percent, there are notable regional differences. The Europe/Middle East/Africa (EMEA)region has the slowest growth rate at 5.2 percent annually. The Asia Pacific region is experiencing the highest five-year growth overall, at 15.5 percent. The Latin American region is next with a growth of 12 percent.

Broadband wireline revenues are growing at a 6.7 percent cumulative annual growth rate over the forecast period, while narrowband wireline services revenues are essentially flat at 0.4 percent over the same period.

Clearly wireless and broadband are where the growth is. Wireless revenues will grow from 60.3 percent of all telecommunications services revenues in 2008 to 72.3 percent in 2013.

Wireless services revenues are growing at 14.4 percent over the forecast period, while wireline services, which includes both broadband and narrowband services, grows much more modestly at 2.6 percent.

First 700 MHz Winner: AT&T

at&t is the first winner of the battle to win 700 MHz wireless spectrum. Not, of course, because it has won anything in the upcoming auctions for C block and other spectrum. Instead, at&t is acquiring $2.5 billion worth of wireless spectrum licenses covering 196 million people in the 700 MHz frequency from Aloha Partners.

The 12 MHz of spectrum covers all of the top-10 U.S, wireless market and 72 of the top 100 markets overall.

Google Phone Again?

Speculation about Google getting into the mobile phone space have been circulating all year. Most recently, the Wall Street Journal reported that Google has "invested hundreds of millions" into cellular phone development, and that the project goes far and beyond current incarnations of Google products on today's mobile handsets. So what is Google up to?

It isn't necessarily that complicated. Google might be simply be trying to show existing and would-be device manufacturers what can be done. Google doesn't necessarily have to be thinking about becoming a device manufacturer or "service" provider.

Google already has moved to put Google Search, Gmail and Maps onto phones. Google might be trying to illustrate, concretely, what a device can do, and look like, if unencumbered by all sorts of walled garden software. Call it a Google-optimized mobile Web approach, if you like. An approach that offers opportunity to exploit advertising revenues. If Google can get serious traction, it not only creates an important beach head in the mobile ad space, but also helps create the mobile version of the broadband Internet.

Ad-supported communications are a possibility, but not the only possibility. The "open" whole Web framework plays to Google's strengths. That might be the more important objective.

Expect to see Google pushing hard not only to get its software on more clients but to get users accustomed to behaving the same way with the mobile Web as they now do with the tethered Web. After all, the whole point of targeted advertising is to reach people where they are.

Three times as many mobiles are in use as landlines, and landlines don't offer much upside in the advertising space.

Voice Continues Wireless Shift

Wireless access "lines" not only outnumber wired lines by a three to one margin, wireless accounts now blow away wired lines in terms of growth, say researchers at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Which explains the attention now paid to seamless experiences in either the voice or Web realms. If so many people are going to spend so much time in mobile settings, then the things they might do on a PC or desktop phone have to be available on their mobile devices. Ideally, the context a user expects in a stationary or tethered experience also would be replicated in the mobile context as well. Price, while always a factor in a buying decision, is a matter of "hygiene."

If the price is wrong, no sale occurs. But price is not something that can make a user happy. Think of price as something that instead prevents a user from being "unhappy."

But even the right price makes a user "happy." The things that make users happy are on a different plane, entirely. Coolness, features, form factor, user interface and lots of other things people find they can do with a service and device are the essential parameters for driving "happiness." And the attempt to find "happiness" is what drives the purchase.

If you want people to buy something you make, you have to remember that "happiness" and "hygiene" are not on the same continuum. There are two different scales, and you have to be on the right side of each scale.

Not to Minimize Broadband, But...

New at&t CEO Randall Stephenson views wireless as the growth driver for the next three to five years. "The conversation about winning the race for consumers' homes starts and ends with wireless," he says.

Alltel Taken Private: That's Not the Issue

TPG Capital and Goldman Sachs' private equity unit are acquiring the fifth-largest U.S. wireless provider, Alltel Corp., for about $27.5 billion (chart by Chetan Sharma). The deal is the largest ever buyout in the telecom sector. One wonders just how far private equity firms can go before regulators become concerned. Wireless and cable companies are less likely to raise scrutiny.

But what if BCE, one of Canada's largest telephone companies, is taken private? At what point does the loss of public transparency become an issue for companies that, like it or not, are seen very much as having national interest implications. Not to mention social obligations not generally shared by cable or wireless providers. All the more reason to get a deal done now, fast, before such questions start getting asked, I suppose.

Google: Mobile, Mobile, Mobile

Nobody outside Google seems to know precisely what Google is up to in the wireless domain, aside from deals to preload Google on mobile handsets. Maybe it has developed a Google phone, as a proof of concept, but has to plans to bring it to market. It certainly is working on software that allows users without PC access to use Google applications.

Google clearly is up to something. When Eric Schmidt, Google Chief Executive, was asked about intriguing technologies, he answered, "mobile, mobile, mobile."

It's Hard to Do Any Better Than This

Verizon added more than a million new wireless customers in the first quarter, outpacing at&t. And its churn remains astonishingly low. Millions of households move every year, and the propensity to move is much much higher for younger mobile users, who might arguably represent the highest churn demographic. A household churn rate of just one percent a month (people moving) would still generate 900,000 switchers in a quarter. Of course, mobile providers have one advantage wireline providers do not. When somebody moves out of state, the mobile account doesn't necessarily have to change. The landline voice, broadband access and video account might well have to. So wireline services always face an uphill battle to get churn down to just one percent a month.

Wireless Rules

At the end of last year there were 233 million wireless accounts in service in the U.S. market. Access lines in service at the largest eight U.S. wireline carriers amounted to 139.2 million (at&T, Verizon, Qwest, Embarq, Windstream, Century Telephone, Citizens and Cincinnati Bell). Not to mention the directional change: wireless is still climbing, wireline still dropping. Of course, one has to add back in three million cable industry voice customers. But you get the point. Wireless increasingly is the way the mass market does voice.

More Wi-Fi, 3G, for Enterprise Next 3 Years

Today there might be 11 million enterprise users of wide area wireless services, says The Yankee Group. Over the next 3 years, enterprises will equip more PCs with 3G and Wi-Fi. Hand held devices will tend to get Wi-Fi. More mobile phones will be dual mode, capable of connecting over cellular and Wi-Fi networks. And there will be more smart phones.

One of the issues is whether, or how much, devices such as the iPhone can wrest market share away from RIM's BlackBerry and other smart phone implementations. As important as the answer is for Apple and at&t, as well as Apple's rival handset manufacturers and carriers such as Verizon, lots of carriers in global markets are going to contend with Apple as well.

For some of us, there are other issues, such as how well, and in what user segments, devices such as the iPhone will penetrate professional and business markets, even if Apple never targets enterprise customer segments outside of the education, marketing and advertising verticals.

Wireless, Not Skype, Cannibalizes Wireline Voice

It appears that Skype now represents a bit more than four percent of global long distance traffic, says TeleGeography. Skype users generated about 6.6 billion minutes of traffic in the third quarter of 2006, and are on track to make over 27 billion minutes of PC-to-PC calls this year, TeleGeography says. About half of Skype's traffic is international.

Still, the global switched and VoIP traffic base represents 264 billion minutes of use annually. So how about PC to PC Skype traffic? Last year such traffic was equivalent to 2.9 percent of international carrier traffic, and 4.4 percent of total international traffic in 2006. Furthermore, not all of Skype’s traffic is a net loss for international carriers. SkypeOut keeps traffic and revenue on the public network, at least for purposes of termination. SkypeIn provides a similar benefit for termination of traffic.

Still, it’s clear that VoIP services will continue to gain in popularity. "Someday, all calls will be routed over the Internet," says Stephan Beckert, Research Director at TeleGeography. “But the numbers suggest that traditional international carriers aren’t going to disappear anytime soon.”

Wireless Isn't Always the Answer...

For those of you convinced that WiMAX is going to be a great platform to compete with cable modem and Digital Subscriber Line services, you might want to take another look. ABI Research Senior analyst Ken Hyers says recent conversations with major wireless carriers confirmed that "the presence of as few as five users simultaneously receiving unicast content from a single cellular base station carrier band can seriously degrade data access for those subscribers."

ABI concludes that broadcast is the only way to get mass market uptake of video services because unicast (video on demand) crashed the network.

So ABI predicts mobile broadcasting—as opposed to streaming "unicast" services—will become the model of choice for distribution of live television and movies to mobile devices in the United States, and by the end of 2007 approximately four million subscribers will receive entertainment and information on their wireless handsets via mobile broadcast technologies such as DVB-H and MediaFLO.

Now, one can argue that WiMAX will have so much more bandwidth such limitations can be overcome. At low subscriber penetration rates, perhaps. But some transmission platforms can't handle huge success, as high penetration clogs the network.

As far as unicast services, satellite and cellular are prime examples. So before we all go crazy and conclude that linear formats are toast, remember that unicast ("on demand" video streaming) can quickly crash a network. Multicast has a permanent future.