Consumer Behavior in Recession was as Expected

Time Warner Cable's third quarter results provide a bit of concrete evidence that consumers did what they said they were going to as far as watching their spending on communications and entertainment services because of the recession.

Consumers said earlier in 2009 they were least likely to cut or reduce spending on Internet access and most likely to cut back on buying pay-per-view movies downloaded over the Internet, according to a new survey by Alcatel-Lucent. But mobile service, basic entertainment video service and telephone lines were among the items consumers said they were most likely to keep, though cutting back on things such as going to night clubs and concerts or going out to movies and restaurants.

All of those patterns would be in keeping with past consumer behavior in recessions.

(see http://ipcarrier.blogspot.com/2009/06/network-services-generally-safe-but.html, http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7312392900566055630&postID=5497830666217750659)

Generally speaking, people said they would be keeping their broadband Internet, wireless and video entertainment services, though showing much more willingness to curtail adding new enhanced or premium services.

Some surveys suggested consumers would accelerate their abandonment of wired voice, while others suggested demand for fixed telephone services would hold up.

Time Warner Cable's results show that broadband Internet additions held up as expected, though sales of digital video, a premium upgrade, fell, as consumers suggested would be the case.

Time Warner's new voice customers also appear weak, though that bit of data does not necessarily confirm analyst expectations. Existing customers of other voice services might simply have stuck with their existing providers instead of switching to Time Warner Cable.

Overall net new additions tend to show the impact of consumer caution. The company added 117,000 revenue generating units in the third quarter, compared to 522,000 a year ago.

More to the point, Time Warner added 8,000 net new digital video customers, compared to 56,000 net new subscribers analysts were expecting. It added 62,000 net new voice customers where analysts had expected 107,000. The firm also added 117,000 broadband Internet access customers, where analysts had expected 115,000.

So broadband held up, while digital video activity fell, as did voice services.

Still, there are lots of variables to consider. Local market competitive conditions can sharply affect results, as do promotional activities.

Comcast, for example, saw its digital video customer base grow a net 7.4 percent, while adding 6.4 percent net new broadband customers and 20.3 percent voice customers.

Still, the point is that consumers had suggested, and history suggested, that wireless, broadband Internet and entertainment video growth rates would slow, but that the services themselves would hold up. It appears they did, at least for these two large cable operators. At&T and Verizon also added large numbers of wireless customers, as well as a decent number of video and broadband access customers.

Marketers Sell to Mobile Users, Not Subs

There are times when counting things one way, compared to a slightly different way, yield results that largely are the same. But for mobile marketers, counting mobile "subscribers" and "mobile users" will produce distinct results that do matter. 

The differences are that "subscriptions" are not equal to "users" because some users have multiple subscriptions. If you usse a mobile broadband card or dongle, plus two cell phones, you have three mobile subscriptions, for example. 

Mobile marketers want to reach people, not devices or subscriptions, so the method of counting makes a difference. In Europe, for example, many studies show mobile penetration to be at or in excess of 100 percent, but that is because many users have multiple subscriber information modules, each of which has a phone number, and counts as a subscription, even when only one SIM is in active use at any time. 

For marketers, the number of mobile users is a more useful figure because it more accurately describes the audience, and thus potential reach.

So how big is the actual U.S. mobile audience? Reserchers at eMarketer estimate that mobile penetration of users is 76.5 percent in 2009, or 235 million people,  rising gradually to 255.4 million in 2013, or 80 percent penetration.

By way of comparison, subscriber fgures from CTIA – The Wireless Association show there aer 276.61 million mobile subscriptions in service as of June 2009. That would work out to about 90 percent penetration of people. 

That 13-percent difference might not make a great deal of practical difference, except that the difference in estimates means the potential reach of any mobile marketing campaign might potentially reach 41.6 million fewer people. 

In the context of a mobile campaign that might not be so crucial, especially when marketers target one specific device or one specific carrier. But the difference in potential reach could be quite large for any campaign that tries to reach most users, and will certainly be reflected in the cost of any campaign. 

Droid Tethering in 2010

Though users apparently will not have the option immediately, Verizon Wireless says users of its Droid smartphones eventually will be able to use their Droids as a "dongle" to connect notebooks. The tethering capability apparently will cost an additional $15 to $50 a month above the normal data plan, depending on the usage plan any specific user already has, but will most often be an additional $30 a month.

The tethering feature will not be available until 2010, Verizon says.

Some end users are sure to complain about the additional fees, but Verizon Wireless has a sizable and growing business selling dongle access for notebooks and is understandably not anxious to cannibalize that business by allowing Droids and other smartphones to act as dongles.

Basically, the additional $30 fee makes the Droid a dongle as used with Verizon's "Mobile Broadband" service, costing $40 a month if all a user expects to use is 250 MBytes or less. The $60 monthly plan includes 5 Gbytes of usage.

Every user will have to figure out how much data they actually need to use in a month, but the tethering option will provide value for most users who need a Droid data plan and some amount of mobile broadband access for their netbooks or notebooks. If you need to use both your smartphone and your PC for Internet access parts of every month, and your combined usage from both devices does not exceed 5 Gbytes a month, that access, using tethering, costs $60 a month.

Separately, the 5 Gbyte plan and Droid data plan would cost $90 a month. On the other hand, separate data plans also means separate buckets of usage, so the value of one's choices depends on how much total usage one expects to require in a typical month.

Under most circumstances, a consumer user will find a single 5-Gbyte mobile bucket is reasonable for tethered and smartphone use. Traveling business users, expecting to use the Droid as a dongle for work purposes every month, might not find the tethering option quite so workable.

Consumers who really watch a lot of video on their PCs and mobiles will need to be quite careful about the tethering option. In that case an unlimited smartphone data plan likely is best.

Wi-Fi's Business Model: Not What Was Expected

New technologies sometimes wind up being used in ways not originally envisioned. It might sound odd today, but there was a time when public Wi-Fi was seen by some as a replacement for fixed broadband used by residential customers, or as a competitor to wireless 3G networks.

These days, with a couple of notable exceptions, public Wi-Fi lives by indirect revenue models. It is an amenity for retail or hospitality operations that make money some other way. Coffee, food, lodging or memberships are some of the revenue models.

The notable exception is "for fee" Wi-Fi in global markets where the cost of 3G access is very high, making a for-fee Wi-Fi connection a better deal.

In recent years, the typical revenue model for public Wi-Fi has been that it is a valuable amenity for sales of fixed broadband connections and retention of customers. More recently, public Wi-Fi has become an important component of the value of some smartphones, which can use hotspots for VoIP even when it is not allowed on the 3G networks.

AT&T, for example, says that its customers made 25.4 million Wi-Fi connections in the third quarter of 2009, exceeding the 20 million connections made in all of 2008 and nearly equaling the 25.6 million connections made in the first half of 2009.

Wi-Fi usage has been increasing significantly each quarter, up from 5.2 million connections in the third quarter of 2008. Smartphones and other Wi-Fi enabled devices are the reason, AT&T says.

For the first time, the number of Wi-Fi connections made by smartphones and other mobile devices in the third quarter surpassed connections from laptops, AT&T notes.

About 60 percent of all AT&T Wi-Fi connections were made from mobile devices, up from 49 percent in the second quarter of 2009, AT&T says.

Public Wi-Fi seems destined to play a bigger role in the smartphone market going forward, as it is a great way to offload video and other bandwidth-intensive applications from the mobile network to the fixed network.

So aside from its value as a feature that supports an indirect revenue model for retailers, it is a value-enhancing way for service providers to differentiate and add value to their mobile and fixed broadband services.

In the future, it likely will assume a greater role in allowing mobile networks to better manage bandwidth. None of those initially were thought of as the "value" of public Wi-Fi.

Amazon Integrates Twitter

It increasingly looks as though Twitter's business model will rely, in large part, on marketing services of various types.

A recent study by professors at Penn State University found that 20 percent of tweets contain requests for product information or responses to the requests, says Jim Jansen, associate professor of information science and technology in the College of Information Sciences and Technology at Penn State.

Separately, Amazon.com has introduced a new feature that allows Amazon Associate members to broadcast links to Amazon products via their Twitter accounts.

Amazon Associates is the partner program the company uses as part of its affiliate advertising programs, allowing customers to make money advertising Amazon products.

Associates can now simply click a link in the toolbar to send a link and text to Twitter as part of their shopping and selling experience. Amazon gets a sale, Twitter gets traffic, and the associate gets revenue share.

Smartphones are Changing the Wi-Fi Hotspot Business

Smartphones are changing the nature of the hotspot business, it now appears. Originally envisioned as a way to provide "outside the home" and "outside the office" connections for laptop and notebook PC users, hotspots now are becoming important sources of broadband connections for smartphones.

One example: iPass, which used to focus on managing PC authentication processes for traveling enterprise workers, now finds it is focusing more attention on managing authentication processes for enterprise smartphones, says Rick Bilodeau iPass VP.

"Smartphones are the new thing," he says. "Now it is smartphones and Blackberries." The software is available for BlackBerry, Symbian and iPhone at the moment, and iPass is watching the Android, though it hasn't seen enterprise demand for that device yet.

As a firm that manages broadband access for hundreds of Fortune 2000 companies, iPass has to manage connections created on hundreds of global networks, but now scores of smartphone devices as well.

To make that process easier, it created an "Open Device Framework," a standardized interface to iPass client software that allows enterprises to write their own XML scripts for the specific dongles, phones and other devices they want to support.

The company also now preconfigures Mi-Fi routers, loading SSID information directly into the boxes before they are delivered to their users, for example. The iPass log-on software also can be preloaded. "We're first to do this, we think," says Bilodeau.

ODF is available now and the Mi-Fi featuers will be available in December 2009, he says.

BlackBerry and iPhone Users are Different, Just Not Wildly So

BlackBerry users are different from iPhone users, a new study by Retrevo Gadgetology suggests. Some of the differences are amusing, perhaps intentionally so, as the questions asked of younger BlackBerry and iPhone users included some that observers might find frivolous, or intended to evoke humorous responses.

Apple iPhone say they find cool gadgets, “most attractive,” about a person, in fact, three times more than they find a college degree attractive.

BlackBerry owners think a college degree is more attractive than the mobile device they use.

About 34 percent of iPhone owners and 29 percent of BlackBerry owners think old gadgets on a potential partner are a turn off. Some 33 percent of iPhone owners say they have broken up with someone  using text messaging, compared to 22 percent of BlackBerry users.

A quarter of iPhone users say they have broken off a relationship because their partner spent too much time on their mobile, compared to 17 percent of BlackBerry users.

The Retrevo Gadgetology report surveyed 445 iPhone and BlackBerry owners distributed across gender, age, income and location in the United States.