Google Plans Battle for Tablet Dominance

To the extent that tablet devices are able to carve out a new consumer electronics niche, or perhaps even if all they do is create a new segment within the netbook or notebook product category, they also will create a new canvas for mobile advertisers.

If, as many expect, tablets emerge as content consumption devices, they will feature rich content. And rich content traditionally has meant new advertising venues.

For tablets, including the device Google and others are working on, that will mean a chance to grow a new rich media advertising venue. Historically, media and advertising have grown hand in hand.

It isn't so much the devices, though that is quite important for Apple. For many other contenders, it is the growth of a new advertising medium that likely is most significant about tablets.
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What is iPad Cannibalizing?

If Apple Macintosh computer sales are up 39 percent, while iPod sales are down 17 percent, might that imply that sales of the Apple iPad are cannibalizing iPod sales? That is what Piper Jaffray research analyst Gene Munster appears to believe.

U.S. Mac sales are up 39 percent year over year for the month of April, and in fact have been up, year over year, every month so far in 2010, according to researchers at NPD. NPOD's data also suggests Apple iPod sales are down 17 percent year over year for the month of April, and have been down for half of the initial months of 2010.

It stands to reason that at least part of the market share the Apple iPad is getting is coming at the expense of other products or suppliers.

At the various least, consumers might be forced to put off buying something else if they decide to buy an iPad. But at least some observers think Apple is cannibalizing itself.

"April NPD data gives us the first sign of the degree to which the iPad cannibalizes iPod or Mac sales," says Munster. "From the early NPD data, it appears that the iPad has a minimal cannibalization impact on Mac sales, and could be slightly cannibalizing iPod sales."

Given the average selling price of the Mac, which is about four times greater than that of a typical iPod, that likely is good news for Apple, at least in terms of revenue, Munster thinks.

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30% to 50% of All Advertising Will be Digital Within 8 Years, Google Exec Argues

"I personally expect in the next five to eight years 30 percent to 50 percent of advertising will be digital," says Nikesh Arora, Google's president of global sales, referring to online direct marketing, advertising and branding campaigns.


While Arora admits it is a bold claim, he backs up his forecast by pointing out that in the U.S. 10 percent of advertising is already digital and in the United Kingdom it is 20 percent.

In fact, late last year the U.K.'s Internet Advertising Bureau announced that online ad spending had risen above television for the first time.

Video will tip the balance, says Arora. If so, Apple's bet on creating a content-consumption tablet device might be precisely on target. The issue there is whether the iPad will be for video consumption what the iPod was to music consumption.

"I think mobile is a fantastic opportunity," says Arora.

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Apple Offers "Curated Computing," Not "Open"

The conventional wisdom is that open and standardized platforms are better than closed platforms, for any number of practical reasons, ranging from cost speed and speedier innovation to applications richness. For some, that is the importance of the "network neutrality" debate, though oddly, innovation arguments can be made on both sides, or all sides, of the argument.

But Apple always has been the salient exception to the "open and standards based" rule. In the past world, where Apple as a PC manufacturer and had three percent to four percent market share, that might not have mattered much. In today's world, where Apple emerged from nowhere to dominate the MP3 player market, then reshaped the mobile handset market and seems to be on the cusp of validating a new market for tablet devices, Apple's approach will be more important.

The iPad might be a new kind of PC, or might reshape existing devices; it is hard to tell at this point which future is more likely. But either way, Apple is creating what might be called "curated computing," where choice is deliberately limited to improve end user experience, says Forrester Research analyst  Sarah Rotman Epps.

Curated computing is perhaps a new mode of computing in which choice is constrained to deliver more relevant, less complex experiences, says Rotman Epps, in some ways resembling the old AOL approach, or even mobile service provider "walled garden" portals. You might argue that those approaches do not seem to have worked too well, but Apple always seems to be the exception to the rule.

It might be a bit of a stretch, but the analogy might be that a PC is a general-purpose computing platform, while an iPad is something more like an iPod. That is not to say iPad users cannot send and receive email and surf the Web, but simply that the principle is that "general purpose" computing is not the point.

Rather, users default to curated applications as the primary use mode, with Web surfing, email and other experiences being somewhat secondary. Put another way, where the Web is the default mode for most Internet-connected computing devices, the application is more the default mode for iPhones and iPads.

The broader question always seems to come back to the issue of how much choice users really want, and how much experience is enhanced when choices are limited. Apple always has delivered an enhanced end user experience precisely because its hardware choices were limited to "my way or the highway."

In all likelihood, should the tablet trend establish that there is a discrete new class of devices and behaviors suitable to less "general purpose" computing and more "content consumption," then curated experiences might be viable in a way that would defy the historical failures of walled garden approaches.

Should that prove to be the case, at least some in the mobile ecosystem might have to rethink the historic preference for open and standards-based development and "run time" environments.

Apple's iAd Shooting for the High End in More Ways than One

The conventional wisdom likely is that the new Apple iAd network is going to be positive for mobile advertising, showcasing what can be done with rich media on an easy-to-use device with a large screen.

But iAd might have another effect: driving up ad pricing double to triple current rates. That might be welcome for ad sellers, but not for buyers.

Since Apple never likes anything but the "premium" position in any market where it competes, that might not be too surprising.

According contentSutra, iAd cost per thousand impressions will be highly variable in terms of cost, but in some cases could wind up being triple what marketers are used to paying for banners, and double the price of a video ad on mobile (click on the image for a larger view).

In other cases, a very successful campaign that generates an unusual number of clicks could wind up being more than seven times what an advertiser had anticipated.

Keep in mind that Apple is setting the minimum annual spend at $1 million for brands to use its iAd platform. To put that in perspective, consider that Jaguar and Land Rover in 2009 spent about  $1.6 million in aggregate for mobile marketing.

Some advertisers might decide they like the iAd formats, and start shifting lots more money into mobile advertising. Others will push back against the price and take a wait-and-see attitude. Either way, iAd is going to have complex impact. It likely will spur larger mobile advertising commitments from some buyers more concerned with cutting edge than return on investment. Most will watch and see what happens, at least in terms of the high-end, showcase content Apple wants to show it can produce.

What Gets Cannibalized by iPad and Other Tablets?

As you might have expected, though lots of people think the Apple iPad is a gorgeous device, lots of people also think it is a bit pricey.

So far, iPad buyers are heavily skewed to 30-somethings and 40-somethings who presumably are well along in their careers and have both the appetite and the means to splurge on one.


Some technology observers have been predicting the demise of the netbook for some months, and with the launch of the Apple iPad, we get our first chance to see whether cannibalization is happening.

The basic line of thinking is that netbooks get squeezed between more powerful smartphones and tablet devices such as the iPad.

A new study from Morgan Stanley concludes that tablets in general will be a big threat to netbooks, as some have suggested.

Netbook sales growth has been significantly flatter lately. Sales still are increasing, just not at the rate they were before. Last July, growth was at 641 percent. In December, growth was 179 percent, and in January it dropped to 68 percent.

According to Morgan Stanley/Alphawise, the biggest product category likely to be cannibalized by potential iPad customers is netbooks and laptops. About 44 percent of potential iPad customers say they'll get it instead of a notebook or, presumably, netbook.

About 27 percent said they'd buy an iPad over a desktop.

To be sure, netbook sales were slowing before the iPad launch, so the slowing netbook growth rate can't be blamed completely on the iPad.

Still, it seems inevitable that netbooks and other cheap ultraportables will face competition from the iPad.

Product cannibalization potential

Apple Sold 1 Million Total iPads, Estimated 300K 3G Models Just This Weekend

 "Apple says it sold its one millionth iPad™ on Friday, just 28 days after its introduction on April 3. iPad users have already downloaded over 12 million apps from the App Store and over 1.5 million ebooks from the new iBookstore.

“One million iPads in 28 days—that’s less than half of the 74 days it took to achieve this milestone with iPhone,” said Steve Jobs, Apple’s CEO. “Demand continues to exceed supply and we’re working hard to get this magical product into the hands of even more customers.”"

Apple Sold 1 Million Total iPads, Estimated 300K 3G Models Just This Weekend

Differential Video Experience on 3G iPad

Testers at iLounge say some video delivery applications act differently on an Apple iPad when using the 3G network than they do when the same device is using Wi-Fi access. Specifically, the iPad’s built-in YouTube application strips both standard and HD videos to a dramatically lower resolution over the cellular data connection, something that iTunes Store video previews notably do not do, instead staying at a higher quality and consuming a greater amount of data, iLounge says.

Other third-party applications, such as the ABC Player, refuse to work at all over the cellular connection, producing a notification pop-up that states, “Please connect to a Wi-Fi network to use this application. Cellular networks are not supported at this time.”

But Netflix appears to work fine.

The immediate temptation will be to blame AT&T for the variable performance, but since the applications are executing variably, it seems more likely there are video coding or even playback rights issues at play.

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Apple Gets Ready for 3G iPad Launch

You might think the launch of the 3G version of the Apple iPad, able to use both Wi-Fi and mobile broadband access, will not get the attention the initial launch itself has gotten. Apple will launch the mobile network version today, April 29, 2010.

But it appears every Apple retail location will be closed for one hour, starting at 4 p.m, in order to prepare for the launch of the iPad 3G. 

Apple might be expecting lines. It's a non-scientific, nearly random observation, but two Apple iPad owners I know of already plan to give their Wi-Fi-only versions to other family members and buy a 3G-capable unit. There could be lines. 

Apple Calls the Tune, Again

Apple might not yet have remade the notebook or netbook business, and might not have conclusively proved there is an undiscovered new consumer electronics niche for tablet devices, but it has caused Microsoft to kill its existing slate project, known as "Courier."

Microsoft’s Courier originally was conceived as the tablet of the future, Microsoft’s answer to Apple’s iPad, with two screens. Apple might disagree that the iPad is a "big iPod Touch," but Microsoft apparently has concluded that a two-screen device with a book style form factor is not what the market will want.

Perhaps the bigger deal, perhaps obvious in retrospect, is that although the device would have been "touch" capable, it somehow fails to offer an experience similar to the iPad. Make that one more case of Apple disrupting the conventional wisdom about user experience and user interface. And it apparently hopes to do the same in the mobile advertising businesss.

Apple never likes to play at the low end of any business, so we should not be surprised to see Apple taking that tack as it attempts to show what its iAd network can do on devices such as the iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch.

Apple also is famously "controlling" about the "user experience," so you should not be surprised to hear that Apple is making "initial demands for greater control over advertisers' marketing campaigns."

According to the Wall Street Journal, Apple is looking for placements priced about an order of magnitude (10 times) higher than is typical.

If you recall the demo Apple put together for its iAd announcment, you can understand why: Apple is aiming for content-rich campaigns that may involve branded characters and expensive production.

Apple Inc. aims to charge close to $1 million for ads on its mobile devices this year and perhaps even more--as much as $10 million--to be among the first participants.

Ad executives say they are used to paying between $100,000 and $200,000 for similar mobile deals.

Obviously, Apple is attempting to pull off a couple "hero" campaigns that likely cannot be replicated too widely in the future because most campaigns will not be able to afford the high rates.

One example Apple has been showing advertisers is an ad for Nike's Air Jordan basketball shoe.

When a user is in an application, an animated banner ad appears on the border of the screen, along with an iAd logo. If the user taps on the ad, it expands across the screen, displaying a video, an interactive store locator and exclusive offers at local stores, among other features.

Apple is planning to charge advertisers a penny each time a consumer sees a banner ad, ad executives say. When a user taps on the banner and the ad pops up, Apple will charge $2. Under large ad buys, such as the $1 million package, costs would rack up to reach $1 million with the various views and taps.

Marketers will be able to target ads to groups of users based on consumers' download preferences from its iTunes store, according to ad executives. For instance, a marketer could choose to show its ads to people who have downloaded financial applications or reggaeton music, horror movies or comedy TV shows.

Marketers also will be able to target ads to users in a general location like a city, although they cannot target ads to individual consumers or access personal details.

Apple is seeking high quality ads from big-name marketers for the launch, ad executives say. The ads will go through an approval process, and Apple will build the ads itself during the first couple of months to make sure they work well and attain a certain aesthetic and functionality, ad executives say. Eventually, Apple plans to create a developer kit so that agencies will be able to design and create the ads themselves.

The process is causing tension among some ad directors, who are hesitant to give up control. Welcome to Apple's world.

19% CAGR for Tablet Style PCs

Sales of slate-style tablet PCs will grow at a 19-percent compound annual growth rate through 2015, the same rate as smartphones, while Wi-Fi-equipped handsets will grow at about a 21 percent CAGR, say researchers at Coda Research Consultancy.

That forecast could be taken to mean either that the tablet, such as the Apple iPad, really will create a new segment of the consumer electronics market, or that it will cannibalize part of existing markets such as netbooks, notebooks or laptops, or that tablets. In the former case the tablet might replace some parts of the need for e-book readers and netbooks or notebooks; in the latter case the tablet will change the user interface from keys to touchpad.

To be sure, devices such as the iPad could succeed simply by rearranging existing demand. But Apple, for one, seems to have achieved its greatest success when it can create a whole new market or rearrange an existing market. The iPod created a new market, while the iPhone rearranged an existing market.

Coda researchers so far think tablet computers represent the emergence of a new market, and new behaviors.

Consumer usage will tend to be around content consumption rather than creation, and for accessing information. A greater proportion of slates will be shared across household members than notebooks currently are. It is possible, in other words, that although high-end slates might continue to be personal items, as are mobile phones, some lower-end slates might be more like remote controls, used by everybody in a household, and not "owned" by individuals.

Business uses also could arise in healthcare, education, field sales and services, real estate, the insurance industry, and industrial design, Coda believes.

The other likely avenue is use by traveling workers, for the same reason many people now claim they can travel without a PC, and simply use a smartphone. Though the iPad and other tablets will not likely replace the smartphone on trips, many could decide it works well enough to take along as a substitute for the PC, the iPod and the e-book reader.

What do you Think of This Google Tablet?

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I don't know what you think, but this Android-powered tablet, if it winds up being a commercial product, does not seem to have the "wow" factor of the Apple iPad.

Can a Device Save a Brand?

Okay, it is a dumb idea to think any mobile device can "save" a brand, unless that brand is Apple. But it isn't so far fetched to imagine ways to use an iPad as a virtual sales assistant or automated checkout device in some scenarios, as Hertz does in its rental return lines.

With its bigger screen, the iPad could be useful as a platform for social shopping. That can be done on PCs or  mobiles, but the portability and form factor is different from a netbook or laptop and screen size is a key difference from a mobile phone. One might argue the overall cost of creating an app and avoiding application-specific hardware are other advantages.

Conceivably it could replace kiosks or other digital signage approaches, especially where the attempt is to allow end users to imagine different products in different configurations, for example.

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iPad Users Watch a Lot of Video

Data from MeFeedia suggests the Apple iPad, on the market for just a few weeks, already is the fifth most-used mobile device, trailing the  iPhone, iPod Touch, SymbianOS, and Android in terms of unique users.

Based on its user data, MeFeedia says iPad users consume three times as many videos as PC-based Web users, up from the 2.5 times at launch. It appears iPad users also spend four times as much time watching videos as PC-based Web users.

Also, iPad users seem to consume five times as many videos as iPhone users do, MeFeedia says.

One might suggest that a lack of distractions accounts for the longer engagement time with video. One might also suggest the early adopters are more likely than the typical user to be heavy consumers of
media, games and video. It might also be the case that users are in an experimental phase, playing with the device to figure out what they can do with it, which might boost engagement on any number of levels.

Should those sorts of findings be confirmed as the device gets wider distribution past the early adopters, it would be safe to say that at least one of the iPad use modes is as a multimedia content device, in the same general class as an e-book reader, but with a focus on multimedia.

Should that be the case, the iPad might legitimately emerge as a showcase for video-based mobile advertising.

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Why Most Advertising Will Continue to "Suck," Despite iPad

It's easy to lament the relative "ineffectiveness" of banner advertising, or for Steve Jobs, Apple CEO, to argue that mobile and online advertising "sucks."

Online banner ads have click through rates of perhaps 0.03 percent, even when lots of people are exposed, some would argue.

Though improving, it remains difficult to match an actual user's present interests, location and spending intentions with a relevant and compelling message, most of the time. So targeting will help.

But even targeting won't entirely fix the problem. Some say rich media is part of the answer, and that makes intuitive sense, as it is easier to create an emotional bond or reaction using rich media, compared to most other forms of messaging.

Rich media banners, on the other hand, might get a three-percent to 10-percent "roll over" rate. If the creative is good enough, users actually will spend time playing around with the content. That can be a game-like experience, video or even compelling content that doesn't use video.

But really-interesting rich media takes time and money to create. And that is going to be the biggest problem. Most campaigns will not support the creation of truly-compelling creative. Think of the ads developed for the Super Bowl and you'll get the problem. If it were financially possible to create that sort of content routinely, marketers clearly would.

There is another angle as well. Much advertising works, even when largely falling on "deaf ears" and "inattentive eyes." Sure, there's lots of waste. But enough eyes and ears are reached, even with simple messages, to justify the marketing expense. Targeted is better, but even minimal targeting, with everyday, run of mill creative, will produce results sufficient to justify the investment.

Not every movie ever produced is a "hit." In fact, most are either flops or modest successes. That will hold for most advertising as well.

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Is Multitasking the iPad's Opportunity?

About 55 percent of users interviewed by the Yankee Group say they frequently surf the Web while watching TV. Slightly fewer say they use email while watching TV.

And if a new product category develops for devices such as Apple's iPad, that is the use case: people who want a convenient way to use the Web and email while watching TV, using the Wi-Fi connection in their homes.

That isn't to say some people might be able to use a tablet to replace a PC when out of the home, but that might be a subset of the tablet user audience.

U.S. Media Usage Shrinks in 2009

Despite the general trend that Americans consume a bit more media every year, that was not the case in 2009, when U.S. media consumption actually fell about 17 percent in 2009, or about two hours a day, a huge drop.

The conventional wisdom is that media use should increase during a recession, as consumers shift more entertainment to the home, and substitute some amount of entertainment spending for travel, for example. But that doesn't seem to be the case, according to a new study by the Yankee Group.

The big exception was mobile media, which grew 39 percent in 2009.

"We believe the underlying reason is the economy," says Carl Howe,Yankee Group analyst. "It’s hard to spend all evening on the Internet or watching TV when you’re worried about making mortgage payments or trying to find a job."

Online activities decreased by 40 minutes, but TV and video viewing lost a full hour. Web browsing, email and social networking decreased 17 percent from their 2008 figure of 4.9 hours, but TV viewing declined by nearly a third, from 4.3 to 3.3 hours per day.

Music and reading declined the most. "The music, newspaper and magazine industries are all struggling for a reason," says Howe. "Consumers are spending less time with their media."

Listening to the radio and music fell half an hour to just 1.4 hours a day. Reading magazines and newspapers fared even worse; those activities combined total only 25 minutes a day, down from 40 minutes in 2008, says Howe.

Mobile is the only category that experienced growth. Consumers spent 40 minutes per day talking on mobile phones, up 12 percent from 2008. Mobile Internet use grew 36 percent to 11 minutes a day, and texting grew 55 percent to 27 minutes a day.

The Yankee Group findings contradict some other studies which indicate that TV watching was up in 2009. One of the differences is that Yankee Group includes both "at work" and "at home" consumption, while Nielsen only measures "at home" consumption.

But anyway one looks at the matter, consumers spend nearly half of every 24-hour day with media.

Respondents report they spend an average of 712 minutes, or 11.9 hours each day, with various types of media, with the greatest amount of time spent online, using Web browsing, email, instant messaging and social networking for an average of 4 hours and 13 minutes each day.

TV and video represents three hours and 17 minutes watching TV, pre-recorded programs on their DVRs, and DVDs and videos. TV watching takes up just over 2 hours and 19 minutes per day, on average.

Consumers report they spend an average of one hour and 26 minutes each day listening to the radio, CDs or MP3s, while all mobile phone activities consume one hour and 18 minutes on average.

Gaming time now exceeds reading. Consumers report spending an average of 36 minutes each day playing video games, but only 24 minutes reading newspapers or magazines.

Consumers routinely multitask while watching TV. "Two thirds of our respondents say they talk on the phone regularly while watching TV," says Howe. "More than half surf the Web or write email as well."

That is one reason why Apple and some observers believe the iPad will create a new niche in the market. People already have the habit of using the Internet while watching TV, so a more convenient device for doing so should be able to get traction, tablet supporters believe.

Interactive activities engage consumers in ways TV doesn’t. The top four activities on this list are all what the media industry calls “lean forward” tasks; that is, they engage the consumer interactively. Consumers naturally give cognitive priority to these “lean forward” activities over “lean back” ones like watching TV. What does that mean? It means that when consumers multitask, TV advertising takes a back seat to more interactive forms of engagement.

Video Seen as Key for iPad

About 77 percent of 200 senior marketing executives believe that developing a video strategy for the iPad is important to their businesses' success, says KIT Digital, which took the non-scientific study during a webinar on the iPad.

The survey also asked attendees if their businesses currently have a mobile solution for other devices. About 38 percent of respondents say they do,  while 43 percent say they are currently working on developing a mobile solution.

Overall, however, 62 percent of respondents do not currently have a mobile video solution.

When asked if they were prepared to take advantage of the iPad's video capabilities, 21 percent of businesses responded that they are, while 48 percent) responded that it is an area "currently being worked on."

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These Days, It's All About Mobility

These days most innovation happening in applications, features and devices is happening in the wireless realm or in the world of over-the-top applications. That can be discomforting for some.

I recently moderated a panel of application developers and enablers recently and asked where they panelists believed there were opportunities to work with "service providers" such as telcos and cable companies. There was an initial awkward silence, then some mutterings even I cannot remember. But I think that tells the story: over-the-top application providers largely assume the existence of broadband; broadband is not a required "partner" in the delivery.

People in the telecom or cable or satellite business hate the term "dumb pipe," but it resonates because it sums up the essential nature of today's application environment, captured by the term "loosely coupled."

And matters might change even more. The Wi-Fi-only version of the iPad does not require any sort of relationship with a wireless access services provider. In fact, if, as some believe, devices such as the iPad wind up being devices picked up and used casually, when people are sitting on a couch in their homes, and not primarily as a substitute for a netbook or notebook PC, there might never been a need for such relationships. People will simply use their at-home Wi-Fi connections.

Still, it is hard to ignore the fact that most innovation these days is happening in the mobile space.

Apple iPad Ignites War Over Market That Might Not Exist

With rumors that Google, Nokia, Hewlett-Packard, HTC, Acer, Dell, Lenovo all are working on tablet devices in the same class as the Apple iPad, I suppose it has to be said that those companies do not want to take a chance on Apple having discovered a new mobile device category, and not moving early enough to participate in the segment's growth.

It's just that nobody has yet proven what the market is, or how big it might be. But nobody seems to want to take a chance that a market exists, and that Apple will stake out leadership before anybody else can mount a challenge.

That is not to discount Microsoft's historic interest in the tablet segment of the market, but simply to point out that, up to this point, the segment has not gotten much traction, perhaps because "different interfaces to the same functions" has not resonated. Microsoft's approach has been to envision a PC with a tablet design.

Apple's approach is more similar to that of the Kindle and iPad "touch," though, more a media reader and entertainment-driven Web appliance than a 'notebook with a different interface.'

The range of rumored interface, operating system and featured applications illustrates what happens when suppliers try to position a new device mid-way between smartphones and netbooks and notebooks.

Hewlett-Packard is said to be debutting a slate computer that it will offer by midyear. H.P.'s slate will have a camera and ports for add-on devices, like a mouse.  Apple's iPad appears to dispense with those options.

Under the hood, the iPad is powered by what might be called a "smartphone" processor, while others likely will try to use "netbook" processors.

Google might try to power its slate using Android software, which was originally designed for mobile phones.  Those hardware and software choices show some of the issues involved when trying to create a new class of devices mid-way between netbooks and smartphones.

Then there is the matter of "niche" to pursue. Apparently the first the idea was to create a device for designers and architects, but lately the company is thinking of a broader market of consumers and so would include e-books, magazines and other media content on the device.

Nokia is said to be designing an e-reader. The point is that there is so far no clear consensus about what the category is, how people will use the devices, or whether there is only one large, or multiple more specialized categories, to be satisfied. That accounts for the diverse choices about featured applications, processors and operating systems, among other choices.

All for a market that nobody knows exists, for sure.